Modeling the Transmission Dynamics of Typhoid in Malaria Endemic Settings

Typhoid and malaria co-infection is a major public health problem in many developing countries. In this paper, a deterministic model for malaria and typhoid co-infection is proposed and analyzed. It has been established that the model exhibits a backward bifurcation phenomenon. Overall, the study reveals that a typhoid outbreak in malaria endemic settings may lead to higher cumulative cases of dually-infected individuals displaying clinical symptoms of both infections than singly-infected individuals displaying clinical symptoms of either malaria or typhoid

A two strain tuberculosis transmission model with therapy and quarantine

A two strain tuberculosis model with treatment which allows TB patients with the drug sensitive of strain Mycobacterium tuberculosis to be cured is presented. The model is further extended to incorporate quarantine for active TB cases with multi‐drug resistant TB strains. The model assumes that latently infected individuals develop active disease as a result of endogenous activation and exogenous reinfection. Qualitative analysis of the model including positivity, boundedness and persistence of solutions are presented. The thresholds and equilibria quantities for the models are determined and stability of the solution is analyzed. From the study we conclude that quarantine of the multi‐drug resistant tuberculosis cases reduces the multi‐drug resistant tuberculosis induced reproduction number to values below unit, thus this intervention strategy can control the development of multi‐drug resistant tuberculosis epidemic. Also effective chemoprophylaxis and treatment of infectives result in a reduction of multi‐drug resistant tuberculosis cases since most multi‐drug resistant tuberculosis cases are a result of inappropriate treatment. First published online: 14 Oct 201

A Mathematical Model for Assessing the Impact of Intravenous Drug Misuse on the Dynamics of HIV and HCV within Correctional Institutions

A research article.Unsafe injecting practices, blood exchange, the use of nonsterile needles, and other cutting instruments for tattooing are common in correctional institutions, resulting in a number of blood transmitted infections. A mathematical model for assessing the dynamics of HCV and HIV coinfection within correctional institutions is proposed and comprehensively analyzed. The HCVonly and HIV-only submodels are first considered. Analytical expressions for the threshold parameter in each submodel and the cointeraction are derived. Global dynamics of this coinfection shows that whenever the threshold parameter for the respective submodels and the coinfection model is less than unity, then the epidemics die out, the reverse condition implies disease persistence within correctional institutions. Numerical simulations using a set of plausible parameter values are provided to support analytical findings