Integrating regional-scale connectivity in habitat restoration: An application for amphibian conservation in eastern France

International audienceHabitat restoration is one way of reducing landscape fragmentation, which is seen as a threat to biodiversity. It consists in renovating disused or degraded habitat patches or in creating new habitat patches in suitable areas. Currently, most restoration measures draw on the local knowledge of experts for selecting the best locations. For amphibian metapopulations like the European tree frog (Hyla arborea), the search for such locations must include regional-scale connectivity in order to maintain their viability. We set up a systematic and cumulative protocol for adding new habitat patches to a pond network. Graph modelling is used to include regional-scale connectivity as a criterion to be maximized. Successive locations are tested systematically and connectivity is compared before and after the virtual addition of each new pond. The location that increases connectivity most is identified. The results show that the priority areas identified by the model are similar to those suggested by local experts from a wildlife conservation association. The two approaches are complementary because they are applied on two different scales. The patch addition method can identify strategic areas for improving global connectivity by taking into account the regional scale. Experts' knowledge can target the precise location within the identified area for creating new habitats based on local factors of the surrounding context. In addition, our method can be also used to prioritize locations already decided on by landscape managers. Consequently, this protocol appears to be a useful tool for guiding habitat restoration in the field

Impact assessment of a high-speed railway line on species distribution : Application to the European tree frog (Hyla arborea) in Franche-Comté

International audienceThe aim of the present work is to assess the potential long-distance effect of a high-speed railway line on the distribution of the European tree frog (Hyla arborea) in eastern France by combining graph-based analysis and species distribution models. This combination is a way to integrate patch-level connectivity metrics on different scales into a predictive model. The approach used is put in place before the construction of the infrastructure and allows areas potentially affected by isolation to be mapped. Through a diachronic analysis, comparing species distribution before and after the construction of the infrastructure, we identify changes in the probability of species presence and we determine the maximum distance of impact. The results show that the potential impact decreases with distance from the high-speed railway line and the largest disturbances occur within the first 500 m. Between 500 m and 3500 m, the infrastructure generates a moderate decrease in the probability of presence with maximum values close to -40%. Beyond 3500 m the average disturbance is less than -10%. The spatial extent of the impact is greater than the dispersal distance of the tree frog, confirming the assumption of the long-distance effect of the infrastructure. This predictive modelling approach appears to be a useful tool for environmental impact assessment and strategic environmental assessment. The results of the species distribution assessment may provide guidance for field surveys and support for conservation decisions by identifying the areas most affecte

Quelle sélection fruitière pour une production durable, à faible niveau d’intrants ? Méthodologie pour un réseau de sélection variétale décentralisée

In France Fruit production is cultivated on 140 thousand hectares, mainly conducted on intensive training system. Very few elements are available on low input training systems while they have to integrate the Global rule under the frame of Ecophyto 2018. In order to evaluate if another system of cultivation will be possible, a project has been developed to highlight the main factors to be integrated in low input training system. A low input multilocal experimental design has thus been investigated on apricot in two main regions of production: Rhone valley and Roussillon. A set of 9 common cultivars with 20 replications each, planted in a complete single-tree randomization design has been established. As already observed in apple orchard, a larger set of disease has been observed in our experimental plots by comparison with conventional training orchards. A large genetic variability has been set-up among the observed cultivars, but if some of them expressed components of resistance against the observed diseases no one appeared widely resistant to all the diseases. Taking in consideration the longevity of the orchard, a huge concern exists with the tested germplasm because the observed dieback was in between 10 and 80% of the trees according to the cultivars after only 6 years of observation. On the methodological point of view, a clear optimization of the experimental design is expected on the base of the observed results

Assessment of diseases susceptibility of peach cultivars in experimental plots and on-farm for organic and low-input systems. Baseline of French case studies

Despite a high turn-over of new peach cultivars, their suitability for organic and low-input systems remains unknown for most of them. Diseases susceptibility is an important criteria to consider since diseases control is a bottleneck to peach production in theses systems. Since 2001, 81 peach cultivars were assessed in 2 experimental sites and 7 on-farm plots

Prunus - Réalités et perspectives de l'écologisation en arboriculture fruitière: Pour une approche intégrée à partir des cas des vergers de pêchers et d'abricotiers en Rhône-Alpes 2013-2015

Le projet « PRUNUS- Réalités et perspectives de l’écologisation en arboriculture fruitière » a été financé par le programme Pesticides* du ministère de l’environnement sur la période 2013-2015 avec pour objectif d’identifier les effets de verrouillage et les leviers de transition vers une écologisation des pratiques agricoles (réduction des pesticides) dans les vergers de pêchers et d’abricotiers de la basse Vallée du Rhône

Évolution de la vie économique et des structures sociales du pays nomade du Mali. De la conquête française à l'autonomie interne (1893-1958)

Clauzel J. Évolution de la vie économique et des structures sociales du pays nomade du Mali. De la conquête française à l'autonomie interne (1893-1958). In: Tiers-Monde, tome 3, n°9-10, 1962. pp. 283-311

Liste, présenté par Clauzel au nom du comité de Sûreté générale, nominant les représentants du peuple Cledel, Robin et Thuriot comme envoyés de mission, lors de la séance du 8 frimaire an III (28 novembre 1794)

Clauzel Jean-Baptiste. Liste, présenté par Clauzel au nom du comité de Sûreté générale, nominant les représentants du peuple Cledel, Robin et Thuriot comme envoyés de mission, lors de la séance du 8 frimaire an III (28 novembre 1794). In: Archives Parlementaires de 1787 à 1860 - Première série (1787-1799) Tome CII - Du 1er au 12 frimaire An III (21 novembre au 2 décembre 1794) Paris : CNRS éditions, 2012. p. 291

Adresse des citoyens de la section de Bonne-Nouvelle (Paris) et réponse du Président, lors de la séance du 5 frimaire an III (25 novembre 1794)

Clauzel Jean-Baptiste. Adresse des citoyens de la section de Bonne-Nouvelle (Paris) et réponse du Président, lors de la séance du 5 frimaire an III (25 novembre 1794). In: Archives Parlementaires de 1787 à 1860 - Première série (1787-1799) Tome CII - Du 1er au 12 frimaire An III (21 novembre au 2 décembre 1794) Paris : CNRS éditions, 2012. pp. 171-172

Adresse des citoyens de la section de Bonne-Nouvelle (Paris) et réponse du Président, lors de la séance du 5 frimaire an III (25 novembre 1794)

Clauzel Jean-Baptiste. Adresse des citoyens de la section de Bonne-Nouvelle (Paris) et réponse du Président, lors de la séance du 5 frimaire an III (25 novembre 1794). In: Archives Parlementaires de 1787 à 1860 - Première série (1787-1799) Tome CII - Du 1er au 12 frimaire An III (21 novembre au 2 décembre 1794) Paris : CNRS éditions, 2012. pp. 171-172

La Convention rapporte le décret rendu dans la séance du 2 brumaire, portant une prorogation du congé accordé au représentant Dartigoeyte et décrète qu’il se rendra sur le champ à son poste, lors de la séance du 3 brumaire an III (24 octobre 1794)

Clauzel Jean-Baptiste. La Convention rapporte le décret rendu dans la séance du 2 brumaire, portant une prorogation du congé accordé au représentant Dartigoeyte et décrète qu’il se rendra sur le champ à son poste, lors de la séance du 3 brumaire an III (24 octobre 1794). In: Archives Parlementaires de 1787 à 1860 - Première série (1787-1799) Tome C - Du 3 au 18 brumaire an III (24 octobre au 8 novembre 1794) Paris : CNRS éditions, 2000. p. 44