Evaluación de producto DPX-QGU42 SE (300 g Famoxadone + 30 g QGU 42 / L) en el control de tizón temprano (Alternaria solani) en el cultivo de la papa (Solanum tuberosum).

45 p.La papa (solanum tuberosum), es uno de los cultivos más fáciles de trabajar y está presente en todo el mundo. A pesar de su sencillez, este, es uno de los cultivos que más destacan, en cuanto a sus propiedades como alimento y cultivo de primera línea en el combate del hambre, en los países pobres y subdesarrollados. En nuestro país, este cultivo es uno de los más importantes para la Agricultura Familiar Campesina, esta maneja aproximadamente el 70% de la producción nacional. De acuerdo a estos alcances, es primordial evaluar alternativas de manejo de las diversas patologías que afectan su desarrollo. Una de las enfermedades más importantes que atacan al cultivo de la papa es Tizón temprano, enfermedad producida por el hongo Alternaria solani, el cual se desarrolla en todos los lugares de producción de papa, como también en nuestro país, el cual puede generar grandes pérdidas, afectando el rendimiento y calidad del producto final En este estudio se evaluó a nivel de campo la efectividad del producto químico DPX – QGU 42 SE, en cuanto al efecto que produce este, sobre la incidencia y severidad de esta enfermedad, en el cultivo de papa. Este producto esta formulado en base a los ingredientes activos Famoxadone + QGU 42 SE (Producto en desarrollo perteneciente a la empresa DuPont), esta fue comparada con los productos que contenían los ingredientes activos Famoxadone, Picoxystrobin y Boscalid. El producto DPX – QGU42 SE, demostró al final de este ensayo ser una formulación que entrega excelentes resultados en cuanto a la reducción de la enfermedad Tizón temprano, cuyo comportamiento es similar a las demás alternativas utilizadas en este estudio:/ABSTRACT: The potato (Solanum tuberosum), is one of the easiest crops to work and it is present worldwide. Despite its simplicity, this is one of the most important crops in terms of their properties as food and it is in the first line as a crop to combat hunger and poverty in underdeveloped countries. In Chile, constitutes one of the most important crops for small farmers which concentrate about 70% of the national production. According to these outcomes, it seems important to evaluate new control alternatives for diseases that affect their development.One of the most important pathologies that infect potato crop it is early blight, a disease caused by the fungus Alternaria solani, which occurs wherever potato is grown, as well as in our country, generating important losses, affecting the yield and quality of the final product. The purpose of this study it was to evaluate the effectiveness at field level of the fungicide DPX - QGU 42 SE, in the control of this disease, measured as incidence and severity of early blight in a potato crop. This product, formulated on the active ingredients Famoxadone + QGU 42 SE (DuPont), was compared to other fungicides containing as active ingredients famoxadone, Picoxystrobin and boscalid. DPX - QGU42 SE, according to the results obtained in this assay, constitutes a good control alternative in terms of early blight incidence and severity reduction, being similar to the other alternatives used in this stud

Hepatocarcinoma y trombosis portal diagnosticados por ecografía y tomografía computada en pacientes cirróticos chilenos en un hospital público, 2004 - 2011 Hepatocellular carcinoma and portal vein thrombosis diagnosed by sonography and ct scan in chilean cirrhotic patients between 2004 and 2011

No existen datos en pacientes cirróticos chilenos de prevalencia de hepatocarcinoma(CHC) y trombosis portal(TP). Objetivos: Evaluar el desarrollo de estas complicaciones y el rol que podría jugar el ultrasonido (US) como primer método de imagen en su aproximación diagnóstica. Material y métodos: Estudio de cohorte en pacientes diagnosticados mediante US o TC de cirrosis entre 2004 y 2008. Se evaluaron datos demográficos, clínicos, y su evolución hasta 2011, realizando revisión retrospectiva de sus estudios imagenológicos. Se investigó si presentaron HCC y/o TP que fueran detectados mediante US/TC. Resultados: Se incluyeron 211 pacientes, con un promedio de 62,6 años. En el 10,4% se diagnosticó HCC y en el 4,3% TP. El 33% de TP ocurrieron asociadas a CHC y determinaron peor sobrevida. El US fue sospechoso en un porcentaje significativo de los casos, motivando la realización de TC confirmatoria. Conclusiones: El US aparece como una herramienta útil para la detección de complicaciones de cirrosis.There is no available data on prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and portal thrombosis (PT) in Chilean cirrhotic patients. Objectives: To evaluate the development of these entities and the role ultrasound (US) may play as the imaging method of choice in their diagnostic approach. Material and methods: A cohort study of patients with diagnosis of cirrhosis by US or CT scans between 2004 and 2008. We evaluated both demographic and clinical records, along with disease development until 2011, by performing a retrospective review of their imaging findings. We investigated whether patients presented HCC and / or PT as detected by US / CT studies. Results: Two hundred and eleven (211) patients with an average age of 62.6 years were included. HCC was diagnosed in 10.4% of cases, whilst PT was observed in 4.3% of patients. A 33% of PT occurred in association with HCC and exhibited worse survival rates. Ultrasonographic studies yielded suspicious results in a significant percentage of cases, thus CT scans were performed to confirm the diagnosis. Conclusions: Ultrasound examination appears to be a useful tool for detecting complications of cirrhosis

Adição de ácido cítrico potencializa a ação de ácidos húmicos e altera o perfil protéico da membrana plasmática em raízes de milho Citric acid addition improve humic acids action and change proteins profile from plasma membrane of maize roots

A promoção do crescimento vegetal pelos ácidos húmicos tem sido atribuída a ações similares a hormônios, devido à promoção do desenvolvimento e proliferação das raízes, resultando numa absorção mais eficiente de água e nutrientes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as mudanças na arquitetura radicular em plântulas de milho e no perfil de proteínas da membrana plasmática (MP) promovidas pelo tratamento com ácidos húmicos (AH) isolados de vermicomposto (20mg C L-1). O efeito da adição de ácido cítrico (AC), importante ácido orgânico presente nos exudados radiculares, sobre a bioatividade destes AH também foi investigada. Foram analisados o comprimento da raiz principal, o número de sítios de mitose, o número e comprimento de raízes laterais e a área radicular total. Para a análise do perfil protéico, vesículas da MP de células de raízes foram obtidas por fracionamento celular e as proteínas analisadas por eletroforese uni (1D) e bidimensional (2D). Observou-se que a adição de AC (0,005mM) aos AH estimularam a promoção do crescimento das raízes laterais (126%), da área radicular (58%) e do número de raízes laterais (55%) em relação às plantas controle. A atividade da bomba de H+ da membrana plasmática, analisada como marcador bioquímico de indução do mecanismo do crescimento ácido, também foi significativamente estimulada (374%) pela solução húmica suplementada com AC. O perfil protéico da MP revelou uma supressão da expressão das proteínas nesta membrana, induzida pelo tratamento com AH e, na presença de AC, esse efeito foi ainda mais evidente. Os resultados obtidos corroboram o mecanismo proposto para a bioatividade de AH no qual a ação de ácidos orgânicos exudados pelas plantas, tais como o AC, promove o rompimento da associação supramolecular dessas substâncias, tornando as moléculas bioativas presentes nos agregados húmicos mais acessíveis aos receptores celulares das raízes.The plant growth stimulation by humic acids (HA) has been attributed to a hormone-like effect as promoting the root development and proliferation, resulting in a more efficient water and nutrient absorption. This research aims to investigate how the humic acids isolated from vermicompost (20mg L-1) can modify the root architecture and the plasma membrane (PM) protein patterns in maize roots. It was also analyzed the effect of the citric acid (CA), an organic acid present in root exudates. The changes induced in the corn root system were estimated by measuring the taproot length, the amount of root mitotic sites and lateral roots, and the total root area. Plasma membrane vesicles were purified by cell fractionation and the protein patterns were analyzed by uni (1D) and bidimensional (2D) electrophoresis. The results show that the HA in solution with CA (0.005mM) increases the lateral root growth promotion (126%), the root area (58%), and the number of lateral roots (55%). The activity of the plasma membrane H+ pump, analyzed as a marker of the induction of the acid growth mechanism, was also enhanced (374%) by the humic solution supplemented with CA. Expression of several plasma membrane proteins was inhibited when plants were treated with HA and this effect was more pronounced upon CA supplementation. The obtained results corroborate the proposed mechanism for the HA bioactivity, by which under the action of root-exuded organic acids, such as CA, a disruption of the HA macrostructure is promoted releasing bioactive molecules presented in the humic aggregates, which becomes more accessible to the root cell receptors