Colours and other optical properties of binary noble metal-noble metal alloys

The method of ellipsometry is applied to the study of the optical properties of Ag-Au, Ag-Cu and Au-Cu alloys and the results are interpreted in terms of alloy colour and electronic properties. Variation of colour with alloy composition is placed on a quantitative basis for the first time and discussed in terms of the most fundamental properties of the materials. Use of ellipsometry in the investigation also makes possible the assessment of the effects of tarnish and other contaminant films. The influence of sample preparation on the optical properties is discussed, and the importance of using ‘real’ surfaces, in order to make possible the industrial and commercial application of the work, is emphasised. A survey is given of previous studies both theoretical and experimental that are related to the noble metals or the experimental technique used. Sample requirements are discussed and the preparation methods adopted are described. Relevant electronic, optical and colorimetric theory is presented and unified in a computational system that takes full advantage of the great power of modern computers. Ellipsometric results are given and compared with the optical results of workers using other techniques. The effect of cuprite tarnish on the properties and on the accuracy of their determination is presented in detail. It is found that by far the most significant determinant of noble alloy colours is the width of the d-FS gap near to L. Tarnishing of copper rich alloys has a visually observable and measurable effect only when prolonged over many hours, but a rapidly formed film is probably responsible for an ellipsometrically observed increase in the saturation of these red metals that borders on the perceptible

The nature and solution of the community boy problem

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston Universit

Study of the influence of certain environmental conditions on the duration of viability of Salmonella pullorum

Thesis (M.S.

On the classifying ring for Abel formal group laws

AbstractThe ring over which the universal Abel formal group law is defined is characterized by an integrality condition. Three localizations of this ring considered by Bukhshtaber and Kholodov are given simple descriptions in terms of integer-valued polynomials, and the Abel formal group over one of these rings is shown to be multiplicative

RACIST PARENTING AND THE BEST INTERESTS OF THE CHILD: A LEGAL AND ETHICAL ANALYSIS

In this article, we use a recent Manitoba child custody case to provide a legal and ethical account of the notion of the best interests of the child. We explore the tension between the best interests of the child and parental rights to expression of a racist nature. We consider how the interests of different actors – the state, parents and children – are considered in the context of racist parenting. The parent-child relationship is salient in formulating and influencing acceptable and unacceptable thoughts, ideas and behaviours in children but the views of parents do not always coincide with what society tolerates as acceptable. We ask, when do parental views on subjects such as religion, race or politics reach the level of ‗legal unacceptability‘ such that a parent could face a loss of custody as a result of expressing or teaching these views to his or her child?  We also consider the ethical frames which apply to this proposed fact situation to help us make sense of the best interests of the child principle where racist parental beliefs are at the fore. This article encourages advocates, care-givers, and adjudicators to work with Solomon-like wisdom for the best interests of the child by bringing to consideration the commonly taken-for-granted jurisprudential and ethical meanings and interpretations that are perhaps over-embedded and underconsidered in the cliché-oriented notion of the best interests of the child