1,207 research outputs found
Structural Transitions in a Classical Two-Dimensional Molecule System
The ground state of a classical two-dimensional (2D) system with finite
number of charged particles, trapped by two positive impurities charges
localized at a distance (zo) from the 2D plane and separated from each other by
a distance xp are obtained. The impurities are allowed to carry more than one
positive charge. This classical system can form a 2D-like classical molecule
that exhibits structural transitions and spontaneous symmetry breaking as a
function of the separation between the positive charges before it transforms
into two independent 2D-like classical atoms. We also observe structural
transitions as a function of the dielectric constant of the substrate which
supports the charged particles, in addition to broken symmetry states and
unbinding of particles.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure
Electromagnetic absorption of a pinned Wigner crystal at finite temperatures
We investigate the microwave absorption of a pinned, two-dimensional Wigner
crystal in a strong magnetic field at finite temperatures. Using a model of a
uniform commensurate pinning potential, we analyze thermal broadening of the
electromagnetic absorption resonance. Surprisingly, we find that the pinning
resonance peak should remain sharp even when the temperature is comparable or
greater than the peak frequency. This result agrees qualitatively with recent
experimental observations of the ac conductivity in two-dimensional hole
systems in a magnetically induced insulating state. It is shown, in analogy
with Kohn's theorem, that the electron-electron interaction does not affect the
response of a harmonically pinned Wigner crystal to a spatially uniform
external field at any temperature. We thus focus on anharmonicity in the
pinning potential as a source of broadening. Using a 1/N expansion technique,
we show that the broadening is introduced through the self-energy corrections
to the magnetophonon Green's functions.Comment: 21 pages, 9 eps figure
Consistent histories, the quantum Zeno effect, and time of arrival
We present a decomposition of the general quantum mechanical evolution
operator, that corresponds to the path decomposition expansion, and interpret
its constituents in terms of the quantum Zeno effect (QZE). This decomposition
is applied to a finite dimensional example and to the case of a free particle
in the real line, where the possibility of boundary conditions more general
than those hitherto considered in the literature is shown. We reinterpret the
assignment of consistent probabilities to different regions of spacetime in
terms of the QZE. The comparison of the approach of consistent histories to the
problem of time of arrival with the solution provided by the probability
distribution of Kijowski shows the strength of the latter point of view
Electron-Electron Interactions and the Hall-Insulator
Using the Kubo formula, we show explicitly that a non-interacting electron
system can not behave like a Hall-insulator, {\it ie.,} a DC resistivity matrix
and finite in the zero temperature
limit, as has been observed recently in experiment. For a strongly interacting
electron system in a magnetic field, we illustrate, by constructing a specific
form of correlations between mobile and localized electrons, that the Hall
resistivity can approximately equal to its classical value. A Hall-insulator is
realized in this model when the density of mobile electrons becomes vanishingly
small. It is shown that in non-interacting electron systems, the
zero-temperature frequency-dependent conductacnce generally does not give the
DC conductance.Comment: 11 pages, RevTeX3.
Cooperation and Self-Regulation in a Model of Agents Playing Different Games
A simple model for cooperation between "selfish" agents, which play an
extended version of the Prisoner's Dilemma(PD) game, in which they use
arbitrary payoffs, is presented and studied. A continuous variable,
representing the probability of cooperation, [0,1], is assigned to
each agent at time . At each time step a pair of agents, chosen at
random, interact by playing the game. The players update their using a
criteria based on the comparison of their utilities with the simplest estimate
for expected income. The agents have no memory and use strategies not based on
direct reciprocity nor 'tags'. Depending on the payoff matrix, the systems
self-organizes - after a transient - into stationary states characterized by
their average probability of cooperation and average equilibrium
per-capita-income . It turns out that the model
exhibit some results that contradict the intuition. In particular, some games
which - {\it a priory}- seems to favor defection most, may produce a relatively
high degree of cooperation. Conversely, other games, which one would bet that
lead to maximum cooperation, indeed are not the optimal for producing
cooperation.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, keybords: Complex adaptive systems, Agent-based
models, Social system
Observation of Parity Violation in the Omega-minus -> Lambda + K-minus Decay
The alpha decay parameter in the process Omega-minus -> Lambda + K-minus has
been measured from a sample of 4.50 million unpolarized Omega-minus decays
recorded by the HyperCP (E871) experiment at Fermilab and found to be [1.78 +/-
0.19(stat) +/- 0.16(syst)]{\times}10^{-2}. This is the first unambiguous
evidence for a nonzero alpha decay parameter, and hence parity violation, in
the Omega-minus -> Lambda + K-minus decay.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure
Skyrmion Excitations in Quantum Hall Systems
Using finite size calculations on the surface of a sphere we study the
topological (skyrmion) excitation in quantum Hall system with spin degree of
freedom at filling factors around . In the absence of Zeeman energy, we
find, in systems with one quasi-particle or one quasi-hole, the lowest energy
band consists of states with , where and are the total orbital and
spin angular momentum. These different spin states are almost degenerate in the
thermodynamic limit and their symmetry-breaking ground state is the state with
one skyrmion of infinite size. In the presence of Zeeman energy, the skyrmion
size is determined by the interplay of the Zeeman energy and electron-electron
interaction and the skyrmion shrinks to a spin texture of finite size. We have
calculated the energy gap of the system at infinite wave vector limit as a
function of the Zeeman energy and find there are kinks in the energy gap
associated with the shrinking of the size of the skyrmion. breaking ground
state is the state with one skyrmion of infinite size. In the presence of
Zeeman energy, the skyrmion size is determined by the interplay of the Zeeman
energy and electron-electronComment: 4 pages, 5 postscript figures available upon reques
Influence of large local and non-local bispectra on primordial black hole abundance
Primordial black holes represent a unique probe to constrain the early
universe on small scales - providing the only constraints on the primordial
power spectrum on the majority of scales. However, these constraints are
strongly dependent on even small amounts of non-Gaussianity, which is
unconstrained on scales significantly smaller than those visible in the CMB.
This paper goes beyond previous considerations to consider the effects of a
bispectrum of the equilateral, orthogonal and local shapes with arbitrary
magnitude upon the abundance of primordial black holes. Non-Gaussian density
maps of the early universe are generated from a given bispectrum and used to
place constraints on the small scale power spectrum. When small, we show that
the skewness provides an accurate estimate for how the constraint depends on
non-Gaussianity, independently of the shape of the bispectrum. We show that the
orthogonal template of non-Gaussianity has an order of magnitude weaker effect
on the constraints than the local and equilateral templates.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, updated to match published version in
JCAP02(2016)029, Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Volume 2016,
February 201
HyperCP: A high-rate spectrometer for the study of charged hyperon and kaon decays
The HyperCP experiment (Fermilab E871) was designed to search for rare
phenomena in the decays of charged strange particles, in particular CP
violation in and hyperon decays with a sensitivity of
. Intense charged secondary beams were produced by 800 GeV/c protons
and momentum-selected by a magnetic channel. Decay products were detected in a
large-acceptance, high-rate magnetic spectrometer using multiwire proportional
chambers, trigger hodoscopes, a hadronic calorimeter, and a muon-detection
system. Nearly identical acceptances and efficiencies for hyperons and
antihyperons decaying within an evacuated volume were achieved by reversing the
polarities of the channel and spectrometer magnets. A high-rate
data-acquisition system enabled 231 billion events to be recorded in twelve
months of data-taking.Comment: 107 pages, 45 Postscript figures, 14 tables, Elsevier LaTeX,
submitted to Nucl. Instrum. Meth.
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