Simplicity of algebras associated to \'etale groupoids

We prove that the C*-algebra of a second-countable, \'etale, amenable groupoid is simple if and only if the groupoid is topologically principal and minimal. We also show that if G has totally disconnected unit space, then the associated complex *-algebra introduced by Steinberg is simple if and only if the interior of the isotropy subgroupoid of G is equal to the unit space and G is minimal.Comment: The introduction has been updated and minor changes have been made throughout. To appear in Semigroup Foru

Effect of dry matter intake restriction on energy balance, ruminal fermentation, and nutrient retention by beef steers

The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file.Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (December 12, 2005)Includes bibliographical references.Thesis (M.S.) University of Missouri-Columbia 2005.Dissertations, Academic -- University of Missouri--Columbia -- Animal sciences.Two studies were conducted to determine the effects of DMI restriction on digestion and metabolism by feedlot steers. In Trial 1, 12 Angus X steers (BW [almost equal to] 450 [plus or minus] 18 kg) were assigned randomly to one of three diets that were formulated to promote a 1.6 kg ADG at intake levels corresponding approximately to 100% (AL), 90% (IR90), or 80% (IR80) of ad libitum DMI. In Trial 2, 12 crossbred steers (BW = 445 [plus or minus] 56 kg) fitted with ruminal cannulae were randomly assigned to one of two diets that were formulated to promote a 1.6 kg ADG at either AL or IR80. All diets delivered similar total NE, MP, Ca, and P per day. During both trials, fecal DM output by IR80 was less (P[greater than or equal to] 0.03) than that of AL; IR90 was similar (P[greater than ]0.10) to AL during trial 1. Digestion of DM by IR80 cattle was greater (P[greater than] 0.01) than that of AL during both trials; IR90 was similar (P[greater than]0.10) to AL during trial 1. Metabolizable energy intake (MEI) was similar (P[greater than or equal to] 0.20) between treatments during both trials, whereas P retention was similar (P=0.46) between treatments during trial 2. Total VFA and the molar proportion of acetate of AL were greater (P[greater than]0.03) than that of IR80 during trial 2; however, IR80 had a greater (P[almost equal to]0.03) molar proportion of propionate. Fluid dilution rate was similar (P=0.42) between treatments during trial 2. Under the conditions of these studies, restricting DMI while holding energy and protein intake constant decreased manure production and changed ruminal fermentation patterns in finishing steers. Improvements in performance associated with programmed-feeding regimes of the type studied here do not appear to be related to changes in diet digestion or MEI

The high-temperature rotation-vibration spectrum and rotational clustering of silylene (SiH2_2)

A rotation-vibration line list for the electronic ground state ($\tilde{X}^{1}A_{1}$) of SiH$_2$ is presented. The line list, named CATS, is suitable for temperatures up to 2000 K and covers the wavenumber range 0 - 10,000 cm$^{-1}$(wavelengths $>1.0$ $\mu$m) for states with rotational excitation up to $J=52$. Over 310 million transitions between 593 804 energy levels have been computed variationally with a new empirically refined potential energy surface, determined by refining to 75 empirical term values with $J\leq 5$ and a newly computed high-level ab initio dipole moment surface. This is the first, comprehensive high-temperature line list to be reported for SiH$_2$ and it is expected to aid the study of silylene in plasma physics, industrial processes and possible astronomical detection. Furthermore, we investigate the phenomenon of rotational energy level clustering in the spectrum of SiH$_2$. The CATS line list is available from the ExoMol database (www.exomol.com) and the CDS database

Neurovestibular Effects of Long-Duration Spaceflight: A Summary of Mir-Phase 1 Experiences

Space motion sickness and associated neurovestibular dysfunction though not completely understood - have been relatively well clinically and operationally characterized on short-duration (1-2 week) Space Shuttle missions (Oman, et al, 1984, 1986; Thornton, et al, 1987; Reschke, et al, 1994). Between March 1995 and June 1998, seven NASA astronauts flew on the Russian Mir space station, as "Phase 1" of the joint effort to build the International Space Station, and provided NASA with invaluable experience on the operational and biomedical problems associated with flights of up to six months in duration. The goal of this paper is to provide a summary of the available information on neurovestibular dysfunction, space motion sickness, and readaptation to Earth's gravity on the NASA Mir flights, based on a set of medical questionnaire data, transcripts, and interviews which are available from the NASA-Mir Phase I program. Records were incomplete and anecdotal. All references to specific crewmembers have been removed, to respect their individual privacy. Material was excerpted from multiple sources of information relating to neurologic function, sensory illusions and motion sickness of NASA-Mir Phase I Program crewmembers. Data were compiled by epoch (in-flight vs landing/postflight) and grouped by neurovestibular topic. The information was recorded either contemporaneously during or within days after landing, or retrospectively weeks to months later. Space motion sickness symptoms are more intense and longer in duration. Sense of spatial orientation takes at least a month to become "natural and instinctive" in space station structures, but mental survey knowledge is apparently not completely developed even after 3 months in some cases. Visual reorientation illusions (VRI) are more easily induced after long exposure to weightlessness. Head movements can cause illusory spinning sensations for up to 7 days postflight. Postural and balance control does not fully recover for at least a month postflight

Prognostic Implications of Lymph Node Yield and Lymph Node Ratio in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

<p>Background: The lymph node yield (LNY) and the lymph node ratio (LNR) have been shown to be important prognostic factors in oral, colon, and gastric cancers. The role of the LNY and LNR in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is unclear. The aims of this study were to determine if a high LNR and a low LNY decrease disease-free survival rates. This study further aimed to determine an optimum nodal yield.</p><p>Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of 198 patients with PTC undergoing total thyroidectomy with neck dissection between 1987 and 2011. The LNY and LNR were adjusted by relevant covariates in a multivariate Cox regression analysis with Andersen-Gill extension.</p><p>Results: The LNR was associated with a decrease in disease-free survival (hazard ratio 3.2 [95% confidence interval 1.4-7.3], p = 0.005). Patients with an LNR of 0.30 or higher had a 3.4 times higher risk of persistent or recurrent disease compared with patients with an LNR of 0.00 ([95% confidence interval 1.1-10.5], p = 0.031). Conversely, patients with an LNR of 0.11 or lower had an 80% chance of remaining disease free during 5 years of follow-up. The LNY showed no significant independent effect and an optimum nodal yield was not determined.</p><p>Conclusions: The LNR is an important independent prognostic factor in PTC and can be used in conjunction with existing staging systems. A clinical relevant cut-off point of 0.3 (one positive lymph node out of three total) is proposed. No prognostic implications for LNY were identified.</p>