IEEE 4003-2021

27 páginasThe scope of this effort is to develop a standard for data and metadata content arising from spaceborne global navigation satellite system-reflectometry (GNSS-R) missions, which uses GNSS signals as signals of opportunity, as described in “The IEEE SA Working Group on Spaceborne GNSS-R: Scene Study.” In particular, this standard would provide a means for describing: a) The terminology assigned to GNSS-R data and products, such as the product levels. b) The structure and content of the data. This includes, but is not limited to, units of measure, data organization, data description, data encoding, and data storage format. c) The metadata. This includes and is not limited to metadata, methods and algorithms applied to the data, parameters related to the algorithms, citation information, instrument calibration and characterization, and description of the input signals. The purpose of this standard is to provide a set of specifications and recommended practices that can be used to describe any known and future spaceborne GNSS-R data set, allowing users to work with different GNSS-R data sets at the same time. The definition of such standard would also allow any software that uses these data to fully operate and ingest any spaceborne GNSS-R input data as they will conform to the same standard

Infected pancreatic necrosis: outcomes and clinical predictors of mortality. A post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study

: The identification of high-risk patients in the early stages of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is critical, because it could help the clinicians to adopt more effective management strategies. We conducted a post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study to assess the association between clinical risk factors and mortality among adult patients with IPN. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify prognostic factors of mortality. We identified 247 consecutive patients with IPN hospitalised between January 2019 and December 2020. History of uncontrolled arterial hypertension (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.135-15.882; aOR 4.245), qSOFA (p = 0.005; 95% CI 1.359-5.879; aOR 2.828), renal failure (p = 0.022; 95% CI 1.138-5.442; aOR 2.489), and haemodynamic failure (p = 0.018; 95% CI 1.184-5.978; aOR 2.661), were identified as independent predictors of mortality in IPN patients. Cholangitis (p = 0.003; 95% CI 1.598-9.930; aOR 3.983), abdominal compartment syndrome (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.090-6.967; aOR 2.735), and gastrointestinal/intra-abdominal bleeding (p = 0.009; 95% CI 1.286-5.712; aOR 2.710) were independently associated with the risk of mortality. Upfront open surgical necrosectomy was strongly associated with the risk of mortality (p < 0.001; 95% CI 1.912-7.442; aOR 3.772), whereas endoscopic drainage of pancreatic necrosis (p = 0.018; 95% CI 0.138-0.834; aOR 0.339) and enteral nutrition (p = 0.003; 95% CI 0.143-0.716; aOR 0.320) were found as protective factors. Organ failure, acute cholangitis, and upfront open surgical necrosectomy were the most significant predictors of mortality. Our study confirmed that, even in a subgroup of particularly ill patients such as those with IPN, upfront open surgery should be avoided as much as possible. Study protocol registered in ClinicalTrials.Gov (I.D. Number NCT04747990)

THE GRSS STANDARD FOR GNSS-REFLECTOMETRY

Talk delivered in 2020 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium online, 26 September - 2 October, 202