PENGEMBANGAN CRACKERS SUMBER PROTEIN DAN MINERAL DENGAN PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG DAUN KELOR (Moringa oleifera) DAN TEPUNG BADAN-KEPALA IKAN LELE DUMBO (Clarias gariepinus)

Kelor is one of the vegetables with high nutrients contents but haven’t been widely utilized. Adding kelor leaves flour to the crackers made with catfish flour to increase protein and minerals is one way to maximize the potential of its nutrient content. This research purposed to develop the formulation of crackers by adding kelor leaves flour and catfish dumbo flour as a food source of protein and minerals. Kelor leaves flour obtained from this research contains protein, calcium, iron, and zinc respectively for 23.25%, 640.5 mg/100g, 30.6 mg/100g, and 6.65 mg/100g. The best formula chosen from organoleptic was is crackers with the addition 10% catfish dumbo flour and 2.5 g kelor leaves flour. The crackers contain 11.50% protein, 30.73 mg/100g calcium, 8.56 mg/100g iron, and 609.70 mg/100g zinc respectively. Selected crackers contain more than 20% protein and more than 15% of iron and zinc standart for 2-5 years old children group based on nutrition label reference (ALG, for Indonesian), so it can be claimed as a food source of protein, iron and zinc.

TEPUNG PUPA-MULBERRY (PURY) SEBAGAI BAHAN PANGAN ALTERNATIF KAYA GIZI

Silkworm pupae is immature stage of moth.  It is inner part of the silkworm cocoon shell which usually disposed from yarn silk production, and now has become a valuable ingredient of human food in many countries, however it is not common yet in Indonesia. The purpose of study is to develop a weaning food as nutritious basic formula of complementary food from pupae waste. A silkworm pupae was a major constituents used as materials. There are sixth  steps to get PURY properly: select a fresh, fine and clean pupae, steamed well about 10 seconds, grinded and sifted it  to get liquid, added 10% maize powder, dried in oven at 60ºC for 6 hours, and refine on blender. A fine powder, so called “PURY”, has a well balanced amount of moisture, protein, fat included PUFA, carbohydrate, amino acids, vitamins and minerals. Through a simple processing, the dry product of fine PURY powder can be obtained and used as a basic formula of complementary food and snacks and has made great contribution to reduce pupae waste. Research is continued to scale up producing PURY based product for more food-technological uses in order to reduce prevalence of malnutrition in Indonesia

Kualitas Selama Penyimpanan dan Umur Simpan Makanan Formula Cair Instan Berbahan Tepung Lele dan Tepung Daun Kelor

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati perubahan kualitas selama 42 hari penyimpanan pada tiga suhu yang berbeda (25°C, 35°C and 40°C) serta pendugaan umur simpan makanan formula cair instan. Perubahan mutu dianalisis menggunakan parameter kritis (aktivitas air dan ketengikan) serta parameter pendukung (proksimat, kalsium, bioavailabilitas kalsium dan daya cerna protein). Umur simpan dihitung menggunakan metode Accelerated Shelf-Life Testing (ASLT) model Arrhenius. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perubahan parameter kadar air, kadar abu, lemak, kadar kalsium dan bioavailabilitas kalsium, namun masih dalam batas aman. Parameter sensori (warna, rasa, aroma dan kekentalan) tidak menunjukkan adanya perubahan yang signifikan, namun kecerahan warna berubah signifikan selama penyimpanan. Hasil pendugaan umur simpan menunjukkan kualitas makanan formula cair instan dapat bertahan selama 70 hari berdasarkan parameter aktivitas air. &nbsp

FORMULASI FLAKES PATI GARUT DAN TEPUNG IKAN LELE DUMBO (Clarias gariepinus) SEBAGAI PANGAN KAYA ENERGI PROTEIN DAN MINERAL UNTUK LANSIA

The objective of this study was to produce arrowroot starch flakes with dumbo catfish (Clarias gariepinus) flour, as a rich energy, protein, and mineral food for elderly. Design of this study was complete randomized design with four formulas and each combination was replicated two times. A selected formula was determined based on semi trained panelists preference. Acceptance of selected flakes formula was examined by elderly using hedonic test. Flakes by addition of 33.00% of dumbo catfish flour was the selected formula. The chemical properties for selected flakes were as follows 4.00% of water, 4.84% ash, 16.90% protein, 5.21% fat, 69.06% carbohydrate, 14.48% calcium, and 8.61% phosphor. The selected flakes contain 391 kcals energy per 100 g. The selected flakes had contributed more than 20.00% of energy, protein, calcium, and phosphor for elderly people so it can be claimed as a food product rich in energy, protein and minerals

ASPEK PSIKOSOSIAL, AKTIVITAS FISIK, DAN KONSUMSI MAKANAN LANSIA DI MASYRAKAT

This research attempts to analyze psychosocial aspect, physical activity, and food consumption of the elderly living in the community dwelling.  Research locations were chosen purposively in three POSBINDU (The Services Post for Elderly) located at areal of Bogor City, namely: Kelurahan Budi Agung (represents city-high income society), Kelurahan Baranangsiang (city-moderate to low society), and Kelurahan Situ Gede (boundary between city to rural-low income society).  A simple random sampling was applied to select the subjects. One hundred ninety-seven (197) subjects aged range 60-85 years old (mean age 68.4 years) were selected in those places and completed the survey between August 2004-July 2006. A cross –sectional design and one point approach was followed (Singarimbun & Effendi, 1995). A structured questionnaire was developed to collect data about psychological aspects (family and community support; health behavior; level of depression; life satisfaction), and food consumption limited to some nutrients essensial for elderly. For physical activity assessment, each subject rated his/her capacity involved in housekeeping. A descriptive, Chi Square, One Way ANOVA and Tuckey tests were applied to analyze the data.  The research results showed that there is no significance difference among elderly in three sites in terms of psychological aspect. However, there are significance differences in health behavior and physical activity. The worst health behavior and physical activity conditions were found among elderly in Kelurahan Situ Gede caused by the social-economic differences. In terms of food consumption aspects, the significance differences exist in intake of vitamin A, vitamin B, and calcium among the subjects

KEBIASAAN MAKAN DAN PENGETAHUAN REPRODUKSI REMAJA PUTRI PESERTA PUSAT INFORMASI DAN KONSELING KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI REMAJA (PIK-KRR)

The aim of this research was to observe food habit and knowledge of reproduction health of female adolescence participants and non participants of Information Centre and Counseling of Adolescence  Reproduction Health (PIK-KRR) at SMU 1 Liwa and SMK 1 Liwa. Reproduction readiness in adolescence is influenced by physical readiness which is reflected from nutrition and health status and mental readiness in the form of adolescence perception about reproduction health. This research used cross sectional design. The site of the research is determined using purposive sampling. The SMU 1 Liwa was choosen because this school has PIK-KRR and most of the graduates continue their study to the higher level of education, and SMKN Liwa Lampung Barat was chosen because this school does not have PIK-KRR yet and most of the graduates do not continue their study. Spearman’s Correlation and t-test utilized to know whether there were any difference in each variable in SMU and SMK students. The results of the study show that, SMU female adolescence have better reproduction readiness than SMK female adolescence. Therefore it is important for female adolescence to get correct information about nutrition,  and reproduction health through formal or informal ways

KANDUNGAN KLOROFIL BERBAGAI JENIS DAUN TANAMAN DAN Cu-TURUNAN KLOROFIL SERTA KARAKTERISTIK FISIKO-KIMIANYA

The chlorophyll is well known as natural antioxidant which is commonly high  level  in some geen leafy and has potential biological effect for a good  health and  has been proved has antioxidant and antimutagenic activity. In fact, a high content of chlorophyll is available in nature but in contrast its found commercially in Indonesia as imported product with a high price. The objectives of this study were to determine of chlorophyll level  of various leaves (Premna oblongifolia Merr., Saurpus androgynus  Merr. Centella asiatica, and Morus alba L),  to produce copper-chlorophyll derivative powder, and to observe its physico-chemical properties. The research showed that cincau leaf had higher level of chlorophyll than other leaves, meanwhile cincau leaf used as material of copper-chlorophyll derivative. Cincau leaves chlorophyll extract solution with Cu2+  100 mg/l level produce the cincau copper-chlorophyll derivative powder with highest  pH, solubility, and geenness compare to other copper levels. The cincau copper-derivate chlorophyll  powder contained chlorophyll 3986 mg/kg, b-carotene 33.8 mg/kg, and contained alkaloid, saponin, tanin, steroid, and glycoside

FORMULASI TEH CAMELIA-MURBEI DENGAN BUBUK JAHE (Zingiber officinale) DAN ASAM JAWA (Tamarindus indica, L.) SEBAGAI MINUMAN KESEHATAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN RESPON IMUN TIKUS

The Camelia-mulberry tea has a big potential to becomes a healthy beverage according to its bioactive components, and added by red ginger powder and tamarind. Those ingredients may increase immunity againts various diseases. The aims of this study was to develop formula of a healthy beverage contained of two varieties of leaves (camelia and mulberry), with Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and Tamarind (Tamarindus indica, L.)   This main research  used mice strain Spraque Dawley, 1.5-2 month old with  weight 75–105 gram. The instruments used in this study were tea maker, organoleptic test and ELISA test. The experimental design used factorial complete random design with 5 groups, where on each group consists of 5 mouse, with two selected variables of the best camelia-mulberry tea, i.e., multikaulis enzymatic oxidation + Gambung 7 enzimatic non-oxidation; bulk tea (Tea A) with difference time observation ( 0, 2 and 4 weeks).  The given dosage was 1 ml/100 gram mice weight, with different concentration of camelia-mulberry tea i.e. 3, 6, 9, and 12 gram/ml. The statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that a significant different exist for the time observation of a mice serum IgG (p<0.05).  Followed by Tukey test, which  shows that a significant differences exist on IgG average at the beginning and after  the 2nd weeks of treatment, and the 2nd weeks vs 4th weeks treatment

Pemberian minyak ikan lele (Clarias gariepinus) terhadap bobot badan dan perubahan histopatologi hati, ginjal, dan otak tikus galur Sprague dawley yang diberi pakan hiperkolesterolemia

The objective of this study was to analyze changes in body weight and cell morphology in liver, kidney and brain tissue of Sprague dawley rats administered  hypercholesterolemia diets for four weeks. Four diet treatments were applied in this study: control, catfish oil, catfish oil with the addition of omega 3 and catfish oil with the addition of omega 3 and vitamin E. Four weeks after the intervention, the rats were sacrificed and the internal organs (liver, brain, and kidney) were taken for histological preparations by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and immunohistochemistry test. The study showed that the catfish oil intervention tend to reduced weight gain of rats fed hypercholesterolemia diets. More lipid accumulation in liver of the control group was found than the intervention groups. However, there was no difference in the histopathology of the kidney and brain tissues between the control group and intervention groups. It is concluded that catfish oil study provides a positive effect in rat liver tissue, but no difference exists between the brain and kidney tissue. There is no defect found at hippocampus of rats by formed of amyloid plague

Teh putih (Camellia sinensis) dan kelor (Moringa oleifera) sebagai antihiperglikemia pada tikus Sprague dawley yang diinduksi streptozotocin

This study aims to examine the antihyperglycemic effect of white tea (Camellia sinensis) and Moringa oleifera when administered as a single component and as mixture in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The study design was experimental. The first step was to analyze epigallocathecingallat (EGCG) content as standard with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. The second step was intervention in Sprague dawley rats induced by streptozotocin 40 mg/kgBW. Intervention held for 21 days with given white tea (WT), M. oleifera (MO), mixture of white tea and M. oleifera (WT+MO) and green tea (GT) as positive control with reference dose 100 mg/kgBW EGCG. Rats blood glucose and body weight were measured. The results are WT having the highest content of EGCG (4.46%). MO and WT+MO only have 2.42% and 2.46% of EGCG while GT as control is the lowest (1.29%). Measurements of blood glucose and body weight in group that given WT or MO as single component showed no significant difference with control negative group (p>0.05). Blood glucose decreased significantly in group WT+MO (p<0.05). Administration of WT+MO was able to maintain a stable body weight during the intervention period (p>0.05). The combination of white tea and M. oleifera has better ability as an antihiperglycemic agent compared to single component