Rotordynamic Computation of a Permanent-Magnetic excited Synchronous Machine due to Electromagnetic Force Excitation

For the acoustical computation of electromagnetic noise, it is very important to consider both, the rotor and stator vibrations of the electrical machine. Rotor vibrations can be transmitted as structure-borne sound to connected systems which might be excited at their resonances and radiate airborne sound. In order to predict the dynamical behaviour of complex electrical machine rotors (such like rotors of permanent-magnetic excited synchronous machines) in frequency domain, finite element (FE) computations can be efficiently applied using rotating coordinates. Hereby, it has to be taken into account that rotor vibrations are mainly influenced by stiffness and damping of the built-in laminated stacks and mechanical joints. Therefore, a FE model of the rotor is required which takes these parameters into account. In order to obtain the material properties, two experimental set-ups are considered. On the one hand, a generic lap joint is considered to determine the stiffness and damping of mechanical joints. On the other hand, a test rig for laminated stacks is presented which allows for the determination of direction-dependent stiffness and damping of laminated stacks by a shear and dilatation test. All identified parameters are included into the FE model. Thereby, local stiffness and damping of mechanical joints are modelled by so-called thin-layer elements. In order to prove the quality of the rotor FE model, a numerical modal analysis without considering rotor spin speed is carried out and compared to experimental results. Electromagnetic force densities are computed in the air gap of the electrical machine using an electromagnetic FE model. To cover different FE meshes of the mechanical and electromagnetic model, a method is presented which allows for converting force densities into equivalent nodal forces on the rotor surface. These excitation forces are used to compute electromagnetically caused rotor vibrations dependent on rotor spin speed by a frequency domain rotor dynamic analysis

A Correction Method for Use in Multidimensional Time-Splitting Advection Algorithms: Application to Two- and Three-Dimensional Transport

Meteorological and air quality models rely on accurately solving the advection equation in two and three dimensions. While a number of methods have been developed, all suffer from the formation and growth of errors during the solution procedure. Here, a correction method is developed and applied to the piecewise parabolic method for use in multidimensional modeling. This method is a time-split, alternating direction method with a flux correction to account for diagonal advection. The correction removes over- and undershooting while maintaining the method’s accuracy. The analysis also indicates that some methods will have errors that grow significantly in time, while the corrections developed minimize the problem. This analysis found that the buildup of errors was more pronounced in three-dimensional tests, suggesting that this is an import evaluation criteria for other advection algorithms as well

Distinct wind convergence patterns in the Mexico City basin due to the interaction of the gap winds with the synoptic flow

International audienceMexico City lies in a high altitude basin where air quality and pollutant fate is strongly influenced by local winds. The combination of high terrain with weak synoptic forcing leads to weak and variable winds with complex circulation patterns. A gap wind entering the basin in the afternoon leads to very different wind convergence lines over the city depending on the meteorological conditions. Surface and upper-air meteorological observations are analysed during the MCMA-2003 field campaign to establish the meteorological conditions and obtain an index of the strength and timing of the gap wind. A mesoscale meteorological model (MM5) is used in combination with high-resolution satellite data for the land surface parameters and soil moisture maps derived from diurnal ground temperature range. A simple method to map the lines of wind convergence both in the basin and on the regional scale is used to show the different convergence patterns according to episode types. The gap wind is found to occur on most days of the campaign and is the result of a temperature gradient across the southern basin rim which is very similar from day to day. Momentum mixing from winds aloft into the surface layer is much more variable and can determine both the strength of the flow and the pattern of the convergence zones. Northerly flows aloft lead to a weak jet with an east-west convergence line that progresses northwards in the late afternoon and early evening. Westerlies aloft lead to both stronger gap flows due to channelling and winds over the southern and western basin rim. This results in a north-south convergence line through the middle of the basin starting in the early afternoon. Improved understanding of basin meteorology will lead to better air quality forecasts for the city and better understanding of the chemical regimes in the urban atmosphere