2,321 research outputs found
The effects of atmospheric dust on observations of Martian surface albedo
The Mariner 9 and Viking missions provided abundant evidence that aeolian processes are active over much of surface of Mars. A radiative transfer model was developed which allows the effects of atmospheric dust loading and variable surface albedo to be investigated. This model incorporated atmospheric dust opacity, the single scattering albedo, and particle phase function of atmospheric dust, the bidirectional; reflectance of the surface, and variable lighting and viewing geometry. The Cerberus albedo feature was examined in detail using this technique
Properties of dust and clouds in the Mars atmosphere: Analysis of Viking IRTM emission phase function sequences
An analysis of emission-phase-function (EPF) observations from the Viking Orbiter Infrared Thermal Mapper (IRTM) yields a wide variety of results regarding dust and cloud scattering in the Mars atmosphere and atmospheric-corrected albedos for the surface of Mars. A multiple scattering radiative transfer model incorporating a bidirectional phase function for the surface and atmospheric scattering by dust and clouds is used to derive surface albedos and dust and ice optical properties and optical depths for these various conditions on Mars
General description of electromagnetic radiation processes based on instantaneous charge acceleration in `endpoints'
We present a new methodology for calculating the electromagnetic radiation
from accelerated charged particles. Our formulation --- the `endpoint
formulation' --- combines numerous results developed in the literature in
relation to radiation arising from particle acceleration using a complete, and
completely general, treatment. We do this by describing particle motion via a
series of discrete, instantaneous acceleration events, or `endpoints', with
each such event being treated as a source of emission. This method implicitly
allows for particle creation/destruction, and is suited to direct numerical
implementation in either the time- or frequency-domains. In this paper, we
demonstrate the complete generality of our method for calculating the radiated
field from charged particle acceleration, and show how it reduces to the
classical named radiation processes such as synchrotron, Tamm's description of
Vavilov-Cherenkov, and transition radiation under appropriate limits. Using
this formulation, we are immediately able to answer outstanding questions
regarding the phenomenology of radio emission from ultra-high-energy particle
interactions in both the Earth's atmosphere and the Moon. In particular, our
formulation makes it apparent that the dominant emission component of the
Askaryan Effect (coherent radio-wave radiation from high-energy particle
cascades in dense media) comes from coherent `bremsstrahlung' from particle
acceleration, rather than coherent Vavilov-Cherenkov radiation.Comment: accepted by Phys. Rev. E, new title, some corrections in equations
and references, figure styles updated to match journal policie
Critical properties of the unconventional spin-Peierls system TiOBr
We have performed detailed x-ray scattering measurements on single crystals
of the spin-Peierls compound TiOBr in order to study the critical properties of
the transition between the incommensurate spin-Peierls state and the
paramagnetic state at Tc2 ~ 48 K. We have determined a value of the critical
exponent beta which is consistent with the conventional 3D universality
classes, in contrast with earlier results reported for TiOBr and TiOCl. Using a
simple power law fit function we demonstrate that the asymptotic critical
regime in TiOBr is quite narrow, and obtain a value of beta_{asy} = 0.32 +/-
0.03 in the asymptotic limit. A power law fit function which includes the first
order correction-to-scaling confluent singularity term can be used to account
for data outside the asymptotic regime, yielding a more robust value of
beta_{avg} = 0.39 +/- 0.05. We observe no evidence of commensurate fluctuations
above Tc1 in TiOBr, unlike its isostructural sister compound TiOCl. In
addition, we find that the incommensurate structure between Tc1 and Tc2 is
shifted in Q-space relative to the commensurate structure below Tc1.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures. Submitted to Physical Review
A "partitioned leaping" approach for multiscale modeling of chemical reaction dynamics
We present a novel multiscale simulation approach for modeling stochasticity
in chemical reaction networks. The approach seamlessly integrates
exact-stochastic and "leaping" methodologies into a single "partitioned
leaping" algorithmic framework. The technique correctly accounts for stochastic
noise at significantly reduced computational cost, requires the definition of
only three model-independent parameters and is particularly well-suited for
simulating systems containing widely disparate species populations. We present
the theoretical foundations of partitioned leaping, discuss various options for
its practical implementation and demonstrate the utility of the method via
illustrative examples.Comment: v4: 12 pages, 5 figures, final accepted version. Error found and
fixed in Appendi
Accurate implementation of leaping in space: The spatial partitioned-leaping algorithm
There is a great need for accurate and efficient computational approaches
that can account for both the discrete and stochastic nature of chemical
interactions as well as spatial inhomogeneities and diffusion. This is
particularly true in biology and nanoscale materials science, where the common
assumptions of deterministic dynamics and well-mixed reaction volumes often
break down. In this article, we present a spatial version of the
partitioned-leaping algorithm (PLA), a multiscale accelerated-stochastic
simulation approach built upon the tau-leaping framework of Gillespie. We pay
special attention to the details of the implementation, particularly as it
pertains to the time step calculation procedure. We point out conceptual errors
that have been made in this regard in prior implementations of spatial
tau-leaping and illustrate the manifestation of these errors through practical
examples. Finally, we discuss the fundamental difficulties associated with
incorporating efficient exact-stochastic techniques, such as the next-subvolume
method, into a spatial-leaping framework and suggest possible solutions.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures, 2 table
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