Endoscopic endonasal ligation in treatment of severe posterior epistaxis

The technique and indications of an endonasal endoscopic technique for treatment of posterior epistaxis are presented. Three cases were successfully treated in our department in 1999. The posterior vascularisation of the nose is reviewed with emphasis on surgical anatomy. Endoscopic endonasal ligation of posterior nasal arterial vascularisation is compared with other treatment choices in posterior epistaxis. The technique is save and efficient. Since it is also a minimally invasive technique, it has become our first choice surgical procedure for posterior epistaxis

Complexities of preparing teachers for inclusive educationComplexities of preparing teachers for inclusive education : case-study of a university in Sweden

Sweden is internationally regarded as an inclusive educational system. This study explores how teacher education programmes in Sweden have been organised as regards inclusive education (IE). Specifically, the study examines how teacher candidates and staff perceive teacher pre-service training for IE in terms of its curriculum and pedagogical practices towards students. The question was explored through a case-study of a large, well-respected university in Sweden, using semi-structured interviews and group-discussions with teacher candidates and staff members, and document analyses. The study revealed that the university makes several purposeful efforts to prepare its teacher candidates to practise IE, e.g. all teacher education programmes have a specific course on inclusion, while this content is also infused into several other courses. Nonetheless, the study also demonstrates that teacher candidates lack a deeper understanding of relationship between special education and inclusion, which can probably be attributed to the wider socio-political context dominated by the special education narrative