Tratamientoy monitorización de la enfermedad Celiaca

La enfermedad celíaca (EC) es considerada una patología crónica y sistémica desencadenada por la ingesta de gluten, en la que confluyen factores genéticos, inmunológicos y ambientales. El único tratamiento eficaz y seguro,por el momento,para la EC consiste en mantener una dieta libre de gluten durante toda lavida del paciente.Por ello, en este trabajo se realiza una revisión bibliográfica sobre los condicionantes de la dieta sin gluten (DSG), evaluando los métodos de monitorización disponibles para asegurar su cumplimiento, así como examinando las nuevas estrategias terapéuticas que se están estudiando.El paciente celíacouna vez diagnosticado debe suprimir de su dietadeterminados cereales tales como el trigo, la cebada, el centeno, la avena y sus derivados y, en su lugar, debe consumir productos naturaleslibres de gluten.Diversos estudios han demostrado que la DSG puede acarrear deficiencias nutricionales, las cuales deben subsanarse mediante la administración de suplementos alimenticios. Además, se están estudiando terapias alternativas a la DSG que complementen o mejoren el tratamiento de la enfermedad.Ha sido descrito quelas transgresiones en la dietade los celíacosson relativamente frecuentes (17-80%), por ello es importante el control de la dieta en el seguimiento del paciente. La adherencia a laDSG puede evaluarse mediante el empleo de diferentes métodos de monitorización tales comola evaluación sintomática, pruebas serológicas, entrevistas y encuestas validadas o biopsias de control. Así mismo, el desarrollo de una nueva técnica basada en la cuantificación de los péptidos inmunogénicos del gluten (GIP, gluten immunogenicpeptides) tanto en heces como en orina ha permitido la detección de transgresiones en la dieta. Existen otros marcadores tales comola determinación de citrulina o la calprotectina fecal que han demostradouna estrecha relación con el daño intestinal, sin embargo, presentan una baja especificidad por la ECUniversidad de Sevilla. Grado en Farmaci

Combined or Sequential Treatment with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Car-T Cell Therapies for the Management of Haematological Malignancies: A Systematic Review

The aim of this paper was to review the available evidence on the efficacy and safety of combined or sequential use of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and CAR-T cell therapies in relapsed/refractory (R/R) haematological malignancies. A systematic literature review was performed until 21 November 2022. Inclusion criteria: cohort studies/clinical trials aimed at evaluating the efficacy and/or safety of the combination of CAR-T cell therapy with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in R/R haematological malignancies, which had reported results. Those focusing only on ICI or CAR-T separately or evaluating the combination in other non-hematological solid tumours were excluded. We used a specific checklist for quality assessment of the studies, and then we extracted data on efficacy or efficiency and safety. A total of 1867 articles were identified, and 9 articles were finally included (early phase studies, with small samples of patients and acceptable quality). The main pathologies were B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL) and B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (B-NHL). The most studied combination was tisagenlecleucel with pembrolizumab. In terms of efficacy, there is great variability: the combination could be a promising option in B-ALL, with modest data, and in B-NHL, although hopeful responses were received, the combination does not appear better than CAR-T cell monotherapy. The safety profile could be considered comparable to that described for CAR-T cell monotherapy

Gender bias in clinical trials of biological agents for severe asthma: A systematic review.

Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases characterized by sex disparities. Gender bias is a well-documented issue detected in the design of published clinical trials (CTs). International guidelines encourage researchers to analyze clinical data by sex, gender, or both where appropriate. The objective of this work was to evaluate gender bias in the published CTs of biological agents for the treatment of severe asthma. A systematic review of randomized controlled CTs of the biological agents (omalizumab, benralizumab, reslizumab, mepolizumab or dupilumab) for the treatment of severe asthma was conducted. The literature search was performed using PubMed and EMBASE without language restrictions. This study followed the corresponding international recommendations. We identified a total of 426 articles, of which 37 were finally included. Women represented 60.4% of patients included. The mean percentage of women in these trials was 59.9%, ranged from 40.8% to 76.7%. The separate analysis by sex of the main variable was only performed in 5 of the 37 publications included, and none of the trials analyzed secondary variables by sex. Only 1 of the articles discussed the results separately by sex. No study included the concept of gender in the text or analyzed the results separately by gender. The proportion of women included in CTs was higher compared to publications of other disciplines, where women were under-represented. The analysis of the main and secondary variables by sex or gender, even the discussion separately by sex, was insufficient. This gives rise to potential gender bias in these CTs

Association between anticholinergic activity and xerostomia and/ or xerophthalmia in the elderly systematic review

Purpose The aim of this work was to investigate the association between anticholinergic burden or anticholinergic drug use and xerostomia and/or xerophtalmia in elderly through a systematic review of the published literature. Methods A search was carried out in 3 databases (CINAHL, Embase and Pubmed). Studies conducted in people ≥65 years of age, who took anticholinergic medications, and measured the association between the anticholinergic burden or the use of these medications with the prevalence of xerostomia and / or xerophthalmia, published up to August 2022, were selected. Studies published in languages other than Spanish and/or English were excluded. Results One thousand two hundred eleven articles were identified, 10 were selected for this review: six cross-sectional studies, two cohorts, one case-control and one randomized controlled clinical trial. A total of 3535 patients included in the different studies were studied. The most used scales were the Anticholinergic Drug Scale (ADS) and the Anticholinergic Risk Scale (ARS). Four articles studied the relationship between the use of anticholinergic medication and the prevalence of xerostomia and / or xerophthalmia, finding a positive relationship with xerostomia in all of them. Another 6 measured the relationship between anticholinergic burden and xerostomia and / or xerophthalmia. Four found a positive relationship between anticholinergic burden and xerostomia and/or xerophthalmia. Conclusions Our findings suggest a clear relationship between the use of anticholinergic drugs or anticholinergic burden and the presence of xerostomia. This relationship was less conclusive in the case of xerophthalmia

Combined or Sequential Treatment with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Car-T Cell Therapies for the Management of Haematological Malignancies: A Systematic Review

© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).The aim of this paper was to review the available evidence on the efficacy and safety of combined or sequential use of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and CAR-T cell therapies in relapsed/refractory (R/R) haematological malignancies. A systematic literature review was performed until 21 November 2022. Inclusion criteria: cohort studies/clinical trials aimed at evaluating the efficacy and/or safety of the combination of CAR-T cell therapy with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in R/R haematological malignancies, which had reported results. Those focusing only on ICI or CAR-T separately or evaluating the combination in other non-hematological solid tumours were excluded. We used a specific checklist for quality assessment of the studies, and then we extracted data on efficacy or efficiency and safety. A total of 1867 articles were identified, and 9 articles were finally included (early phase studies, with small samples of patients and acceptable quality). The main pathologies were B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL) and B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (B-NHL). The most studied combination was tisagenlecleucel with pembrolizumab. In terms of efficacy, there is great variability: the combination could be a promising option in B-ALL, with modest data, and in B-NHL, although hopeful responses were received, the combination does not appear better than CAR-T cell monotherapy. The safety profile could be considered comparable to that described for CAR-T cell monotherapy.Peer reviewe

Anales de Edafología y Agrobiología Tomo 42 Número 9-10

Suelos. Dispositivo de incubacion para el estudio. de la mineralización de la materia organíca del suelo, por A. Polo, G. Almendros y E. Dorado.-- Evolución de algunas variables edáficas en relación con la sucesión secundaria, por A. Puerto, M. Rico y J.M. Gómez Gutierrez.-- Los suelos de la cuenca baja del rio Guadalhorce (Málaga). I.-Arenosoles y vertisoles, por L. Moreno Real, E. Barahona, M. Martínez Lara y S. Bruque.-- Los suelos de la cuenca baja del río Guadalhorce (Málaga). II. Cambisoles, por L. Moreno Real, M. Martínez Lara, E. Barahona y S. Bruque.-- Los suelos de la cuenca baja del río Guadalhorce (Málaga). III.-Luvisoles, por L. Moreno Real, E. Barahona, M. Martínez Lara y S. Bruque.-- Mineralogía de la fracción arcilla de ocho perfiles de suelos de Málaga, por L. Moreno Real, A. Rodriguez García, S. Bruque y M. Martínez Lara.-- Aspectos edafogeoquímicos de la salinidad en la submeseta sur (Toledo). II.-Estudio edafogeoquímico, por J. Gumuzzio Femández, J. Astudillo Pastor y A. Moreno Gutierrez. Procesos de alteración, génesis y estabilidad mineral de suelos volcánicos (volcán de Piedrabuena, Ciudad Real). IV .-Mineralogía y génesis de las arcillas, por Martín de Vida/es, J.L. Sanz, J., Casas, J. y Hoyos, M.A.-- Suelos AC sobre granitos de Galicia (N.O. de España) con especial referencia al ranker atlántico. II.-Propiedades químicas, por Carballas, M., Guitian Ojea, F., Carbalas, T.-- Micro flora y materia orgánica reconocible er. suelos de pradería. III.-Estaciones mesó filas. Conclusiones generales, por M. Carballas, O. Reisinger y G. Kilbertus.-- Factores formadores de los suelos del sector salar-alhama (Granada), por E. Ortega, J. Parraga, J. Femández y G. Marín.-- Algunos suelos halomorfos de el pedernoso (Cuenca), por L. J. Alias y A. Sánchez.-- Haploxerolls de la sierra de orce (Granada, Almería), por L. J. Alias y J. Martínez.--Formaciones edáficas de la región de Ocaña (Toledo). II. Inceptisoles y alfisoles, por José Gumuzzio Fernández.-- Fertilidad de Suelos. Intensidad relativa del potasio en suelos del valle inferior del río colorado, por María Luisa Reyzaba y Julio Cesar Lucero.-- Balance de nutrientes en el suelo en dos tipos de rotación T--c-B y T-e-V. 1 Potasio, por J.A. Díez.-- Balance de nutrientes en el suelo en dos tipos de rotación T--c-B y T--c-v. II Fósoforo, por J. A. Diez . El Pinus radiata d. don en Chile, ensayos de fertilización con cobre y boro, por C. González, V. Konow y M. Lachica.—Nutrición y Fisiología Vegetal. Balance aniónico en savia de peciolos foliares de plantas de tomate en función de su posición en la planta, por C.F. Alcaraz, F. Martínez, F. Romojaro, y J.L. Giménez .-- Crecimiento y nutrición del trévol violeta, en la fase exponencial del crecimiento primario: 11 Nutrición, por R. Fabregas y J. Arines.-- Análisis rápido de especies herbaceas por espectroscopia de la reflectancia en el infrarrojo cercano, por A. García Ciudad, B. García Criado e l. García Bellido.-- Influencia de la irradiación UV-A sobre la actividad IAA-oxidasa en plantas de ononis spinosa L.: relación con los contenidos endógenos de determinados flavonoides, por J. Baztan.-- Efectos de las deficiencias de N, P, K y Mg sobre el ciclo de desarrollo y el contenido de nicotina en nicotiana rústica", por M.A. Díez, J. Barceló, y F. Lopez-Belmonte.-- Efectos de las deficiencias de N, P, K y Mg sobre el ciclo de desarrollo y el contenido de nicotina en ''ni· cotiana tabacum ", por M. A. Díez, J. Barceló y F. Lopez-Belmonte.-- Efectos de las deficiencias de N, P, K y Mg sobre el ciclo de desarrollo y el contenido de atropina de "hyoscyamus albus", por M.0 A. Díez, J. Barceló y F. Lopez-Belmonte.-- Evolución del contenido de flavonoides en hoja de vid, CV. airen, durante la fructificación, por J.J. Mataix, E. Revilla y O. Carpena.-- Influencia de la relación NO:J/NH4 en la nutrición mineral de la planta de tomate, por O. Carpena Artes, P. Zomoza y R.O. Carpena Ruiz.-- Dinámica del fósforo en los suelos de las marismas del río Guadalquivir, por T. Luque y P. de Arambarri. Nota previa.-- Los suelos de la cuenca baja del río Guadalhorce (Málaga). IV Análisis factorial de la varianza de parámetros analíticos, por L. Moreno Real, M. Martínez Lora, E. Barahona y S. Bruque.-- Trabajo precapitulativo. Las clases de fosfatos, su disponibilidad en suelos agrícolas y otros trabajos relacionados con el elemento fósforo. Parte l. métodos analíticos, fósforo disponible y clases de fosfatos, por P. de Arambarri.Peer reviewe

Discovering HIV related information by means of association rules and machine learning

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is still one of the main health problems worldwide. It is therefore essential to keep making progress in improving the prognosis and quality of life of affected patients. One way to advance along this pathway is to uncover connections between other disorders associated with HIV/AIDS-so that they can be anticipated and possibly mitigated. We propose to achieve this by using Association Rules (ARs). They allow us to represent the dependencies between a number of diseases and other specific diseases. However, classical techniques systematically generate every AR meeting some minimal conditions on data frequency, hence generating a vast amount of uninteresting ARs, which need to be filtered out. The lack of manually annotated ARs has favored unsupervised filtering, even though they produce limited results. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised system, able to identify relevant ARs among HIV-related diseases with a minimal amount of annotated training data. Our system has been able to extract a good number of relationships between HIV-related diseases that have been previously detected in the literature but are scattered and are often little known. Furthermore, a number of plausible new relationships have shown up which deserve further investigation by qualified medical experts

Aproximaciones a la frontera

Esta publicación busca cuestionar y problematizar desde el análisis de distintas problemáticas que se evidencian en la frontera que compartimos con Colombia, al rol de los Estados ecuatoriano y colombiano, en el tratamiento de la seguridad en el que la soberanía territorial ha sido el elemento central de las políticas públicas, sin tomar en cuenta la complejidad que configura a esta zona fronteriza