Human Rights Questions: From Bioethics to Biolaw

Bioethics as a pluridisciplinary activity aims to clarify and solve actual ethical problems generated by science and bio-medical technologies. The gap between the scientific and medical progress and the law generally and Human Rights especially does not allow immediate answers to many questions (related to medically assisted reproduction, euthanasia, organ transplantation, genetic therapy etc). Biolaw has to find legal answers. Since the states have different juridical solutions to bioethical problems the uniformization at least at the level of the European Union is a necessity.Human rights,Bioethics,genetic therapy

Strategic Development Prospects for the Labor Market in Romania, as Introduced by the Europe 2020 Strategy

The paper presents some necessary, but not sufficient aspects, introduced first by the Europe 2020 Strategy. We designed scenarios of the economic structure of Romania using 2008 data as a fixed base and the comparable Database EIMBussiness_PolicyResearch2009. On the basis of input variables, the increase in value added and the growth of productivity for the period 2008-2020 are projected, both internally determined in the definition cell located at division level in conditions of average dimension of the unit constant. Simulating for the extremes of the historical spectrum of input variables, we further auto-project the gross value added and the apparent productivity and we dimension the number of employed persons and of enterprises for four scenarios.labor force and employment, size and structure, simulation of growth of apparent productivity

Jus naturae et gentium fondements romains du droit international (jus naturae et gentium the roman foundations of international law) Abstract: L'Antiquité romaine a connu alternativement des périodes d'influence du jus naturae et gentium et des périodes de politique de contrôle et de domination militaire. La période de forte domination politique et militaire, d’une durée de presque deux siècles, a été, génériquement, dénommée Pax Romana. De cette alternance, de cette tension dialectique, est née l’idée de l’articulation, sur la voie du droit positif (et non pas seulement naturel), d’un système complexe et novateur de normes juridiques « internationales » (avant la lettre). Pratiquement, le jus gentium trouve son origine à la fois dans le jus praetorium et dans l’importante jurisprudentia des jurisconsultes, pendant la fin de la Respublica Romana et tout au long de la plus grande partie du Principatum Romanum. On a cherché, toutefois, à séparer le jus civile (applicable exclusivement aux citoyens Romains) du jus gentium (comme ensemble de normes valables pour tous les peuples). Ce jus gentium se trouvera dans les fondements de la création du droit international tout au long du Moyen Âge. The Roman antiquity had known jus naturae and jus gentium periods but also politically control and military domination times. The most important strong politico-military domination that lasted almost two centuries has been generally named Pax Romana. This dialectic tension and alternance gave birth to the idea of creating (through the positive law and not necessarily natural) a complex and innovative system of « international » juridical rules. Practically, jus gentium has found its origins in jus praetorium and in legal counselors’ jurisprudence until the end of Republica Romana and during the bigger part of Principatum Romanum. It was an attempt to separate jus civile (exclusively applicable to Roman citizens) of jus gentium (as a normative system available to each person regardless the citizenship). We will see the jus gentium as the foundation of International Law creation during the Middle Age.

the reman, international law

Few Perspectives on the Comparative Law Concerning Notarial Activity

In Romania, the notary public is attributed with an autonomous position, but also exercises a service of public interest and the law does not exactly state whether or not the notary public is a public officer. In other states this statute is clearly provided by the law. For example, the first article in The Notary’s Law from Spain defines the notary as “… the public officer who is authorized , in compliance with the laws of the country, to certify contracts as well as other extra-judiciary documents.” The Notary’s Regulation issued in the very same country explicitly provides that “notaries public are at the same time professionals of law as well as public officers.” In a similar approach, Law no. 14/1991 from Poland, on notarial activity, provides in art 2 that: the notary exercises their duties as public officers and benefit from the protection ensured to public officers. Furthermore, the Law on the organization of the public notaries offices in Belgium clearly delineates in art. 1 the notary as a public officer

Reducing Subjectivity: Meditation and Implicit Bias

Implicit association of racial stereotypes is brought about by social conditioning (Greenwald & Krieger, 2006). This conditioning can be explained by attractor networks (Sharp, 2011). Reducing implicit bias through meditation can show the effectiveness of reducing the rigidity of attractor networks, thereby reducing subjectivity. Mindfulness meditation has shown to reduce bias from the use of one single guided session conducted before performing an Implicit Association Test (Lueke & Gibson, 2015). Attachment to socially conditioned racial bias should become less prevalent through practicing meditation over time. An experimental model is proposed to test this claim along with a reconceptualization of consciousness based in meditative practice

Comportement de l’individu questionne le cas du consommateur (Response behavior of the human subject the consumer case)

Ce document résume les différents chapitres d’une thèse de doctorat sur le comportement de réponse des consommateurs soumis à un questionnement dans le cadre de recherches ou d’études marketing. Le biais du répondant se définit comme l’erreur de mesure résultant de l’adoption d’un comportement de réponse spécifique par le consommateur interrogé, s’il croit avoir discerné, même partiellement, l’objectif du questionnement. La littérature en psychologie expérimentale et en comportement du consommateur ainsi qu’une étude exploratoire qualitative permettent d’expliquer le comportement de réponse sous la forme d’un modèle de traitement de l’information qui permet d’identifier le biais du répondant. Cette approche séquentielle a permis de développer avec rigueur (ACP, AFC, MTMM) des outils de mesures regroupés au sein d’un questionnaire de détection du comportement de réponse. Enfin, trois études empiriques conduisent à évaluer l’ampleur du biais du répondant dans la collecte de données et son incidence directe sur l’analyse statistique de ces données. Les effets de variables de la situation de questionnement et les liens entre comportement de réponse et variables caractérisant l’individu (anxiété d’être évalué et traits de personnalité) sont aussi explorés. This paper presents a summary of a doctoral thesis that deals with the issue of human behavior during a marketing quantitative study. Demand bias is defined as the error resulting from the adoption of a specific response behavior by the person questioned, if he or she believes to have identified the purpose of the inquiring, even partially. Psychological and consumer behavior literature and a first empirical study show that response behavior can be explain through an information processing model that allows for identification of biases. Measuring tools (evaluation scales and questions) were rigorously developed (PCA, Confirmatory Analysis, MTMM) and gathered in a questionnaire designed to classify biases. Three empirical studies highlight the means and effects of the demand bias and examine the exogenous and endogenous factors that influence the mediation of the demand biasconsumer, human behavior, demand bias, marketing