3D Printing of Diffuse Low-Grade Gliomas Involving Eloquent Cortical Areas and Subcortical Functional Pathways: Technical Note

[Background] Surgical resection of diffuse low-grade gliomas (DLGGs) involving cortical eloquent areas and subcortical functional pathways represents a challenge in neurosurgery. Patient-specific, 3-dimensional (3D)-printed models of head and brain structures have emerged in recent years as an educational and clinical tool for patients, doctors, and surgical residents.[Methods] Using multimodal high-definition magnetic resonance imaging data, which incorporates information from specific task-based functional neuroimaging and diffusion tensor imaging tractography and rapid prototyping technologies with specialized software and “in-house” 3D printing, we were able to generate 3D-printed head models that were used for preoperative patient education and consultation, surgical planning, and resident training in 2 complicated DLGG surgeries.[Results] This 3D-printed model is rapid prototyped and shows a means to model individualized, diffuse, low-level glioma in 3D space with respect to cortical eloquent areas and subcortical pathways. Survey results from 8 surgeons with different levels of expertise strongly support the use of this model for surgical planning, intraoperative surgical guidance, doctor-patient communication, and surgical training (>95% acceptance).[Conclusions] Spatial proximity of DLGG to cortical eloquent areas and subcortical tracts can be readily assessed in patient-specific 3D printed models with high fidelity. 3D-printed multimodal models could be helpful in preoperative patient consultation, surgical planning, and resident training.Funding for this technical paper was received from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (PI14/01823, PI16/01575, PI18/01898, PI19/01576), Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo de la Junta de Andalucía (CVI-02526, CTS-7685), Consejería de Salud y Bienestar Social de la Junta de Andalucía (PI-0471–2013, PE-0210–2018, PI-0459–2018, PE-0186–2019), the Fundación Alicia Koplowitz and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation “Retos Colaboración” 2019 program (TC2019–007150–1). Jose Gomez-Feria Ferreiro is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports (FPU16/03550). The Hospital Virgen del Rocío Fabrication Laboratory is partially funded by (PIN-0213–2018) 3D printing Laboratory for Andalusian Public Health Service. Juan F Martín-Rodríguez is supported by the VI-PPIT-US from the University of Seville (USE-18817-A).Peer reviewe

Teoría y filosofía política. La tradición clásica y las nuevas fronteras

Este libro intenta ser una invitación a recorrer, una vez más pero con una fresca mirada, por el sendero dos veces milenario de la filosofía política. En sus páginas encontraremos una fecunda síntesis de los temas que constituyen su legado clásicoPlatón, Aristóteles, Agustín, Marsilio, Tomás de Aquino, Moro y Maquiavelo, entre otros con las recientes teorizaciones que exploran las nuevas fronteras de la reflexión filosófico-política, como el multiculturalismo, la exclusión social y las cuestiones de género. En un mundo crecientemente desgarrado y caotizado donde extremos hasta ahora desconocidos de pobreza y opulencia conviven escandalosamente y en donde la degradación integral de un capitalismo replegado sobre sus formas más parasitarias, especulativas y predatorias amenaza a la supervivencia misma de la especie humana, en un mundo como ése la contribución de la filosofía política puede llegar a ser de extraordinaria importancia.Índice Prólogo Introducción Primera parte. Actualidad y renovación de los temas clásicos de la filosofía política El republicanismo y la filosofía política contemporánea El estado y su condición de posibilidad en el pensamiento agustiniano El uso de la causalidad en la reflexión política de fines del siglo XIII y principios del XIV Segunda parte. La teoría y la filosofía política en el siglo XX La cosa política: el retorno de los trágico en las filosofías "malditas" del siglo XX. Apuntes provisorios para un nuevo fundamentalismo Praxis y crítica: sobre el origen de ambos conceptos en la tesis doctoral de Marx La política como trabajo La vigencia del Manifiesto Comunista: su importancia para pensar el estado y la democracia Para leer al marxismo analítico: controversias metodológicas e implicancias teóricas Marxismo analítico y justicia: ¿más allá de Rawls? Tercera parte. Las nuevas fronteras de la reflexión filosófica-política Democracia y ciudadanía de mujeres: encrucijadas teóricas y políticas Subjetividad: Capital y la materialidad abstracta del poder (Foucault y el Marxismo abierto) Identidad: diversidad y desigualdad en las luchas políticas del presente Sobre villeros e indocumentados: hacia una teoría sociológica de la exclusión socia

Practical aspects of high resolution esophageal manometry

High resolution esophageal manometry (HRM) is currently under development as can be seen in the various Chicago classifications. In order to standardize criteria in certain practical aspects with limited scientific evidence, the First National Meeting for Consensus in High Resolution Manometry of the Spanish Digestive Motility Group took place, bringing together a wide group of experts. The proposals were based on a prior survey composed of 47 questions, an exhaustive review of the available literature and the experience of the participants. Methodological aspects relating to the poorly defined analysis criteria of certain new high resolution parameters were discussed, as well as other issues previously overlooked such as spontaneous activity or secondary waves. Final conclusions were drawn with practical applications

Potato consumption does not increase blood pressure or incident hypertension in 2 cohorts of Spanish adults

5 TablasBackground: Potatoes have a high glycemic load but also antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals. It is unclear what mechanisms are involved in relation to their effect on blood pressure (BP) and hypertension. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the association between potato consumption, BP changes, and the risk of hypertension in 2 Spanish populations. Methods: Separate analyses were performed in PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea), a multicenter nutrition intervention trial of adults aged 55-80 y, and the SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) project, a prospective cohort made up of university graduates and educated adults with ages (means±SDs) of 42.7±13.3 y for men and 35.1± 10.7 y for women. In PREDIMED, generalized estimating equations adjusted for lifestyle and dietary characteristics were used to assess changes in BP across quintiles of total potato consumption during a 4-y follow-up. Controlled BP values (systolic BP < 140 mm Hg and diastolic BP < 90 mm Hg) during follow-up were also assessed. For SUN, multivariateadjusted HRs for incident hypertension during a mean 6.7-y follow-up were calculated. Results: In PREDIMED, the total potato intake was 81.9 ± 40.6 g/d. No overall differences in systolic or diastolic BP changes were detected based on consumption of potatoes. For total potatoes, the mean difference in change between quintile 5 (highest intake) and quintile 1 (lowest intake) in systolic BP after multivariate adjustment was 20.90 mm Hg (95% CI: -2.56, 0.76 mm Hg; P-trend = 0.1) and for diastolic BP was 20.02 mm Hg (95% CI: -0.93, 0.89 mm Hg; P-trend = 0.8). In SUN, the total potato consumption was 52.7 ± 33.6 g/d, and no significant association between potato consumption and hypertension incidence was observed in the fully adjusted HR for total potato consumption (quintile 5 compared with quintile 1: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.80, 1.19; P-trend = 0.8). Conclusions: Potato consumption is not associated with changes over 4 y in blood pressure among older adults in Spain or with the risk of hypertension among Spanish adults.Supported by the official funding agency for biomedical research of the Spanish Government, Instituto de Salud Carlos III through grants provided to research networks specifically developed for the trial (RTIC G03/140, to RE; RTIC RD 06/0045, to MAM-G) and through Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), and by grants from Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC 06/2007), Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria–Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional [Proyecto de Investigación (PI) 04-2239, PI 05/2584, CP06/00100, PI07/0240, PI07/1138, PI07/0954, PI 07/0473, PI10/01407, PI10/02658, PI11/01647, P11/02505 and PI13/00462], Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación [Recursos y teconologia agroalimentarias (AGL)-2009-13906-C02 and AGL2010-22319-C03 and AGL2013-49083-C3-1-R], Fundación Mapfre 2010, the Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (PI0105/2007), the Public Health Division of the Department of Health of the Autonomous Government of Catalonia, Generalitat Valenciana [Generalitat Valenciana Ayuda Complementaria (GVACOMP) 06109, GVACOMP2010-181, GVACOMP2011-151], Conselleria de Sanitat y AP; Atención Primaria (CS) 2010-AP-111 and CS2011-AP-042, and Regional Government of Navarra (P27/2011)