Descritores fisioquímicos para a seleção de variedades promissoras de cana-de-açúcar quanto a tolerância ao déficit hídrico

O objetivo desse trabalho foi selecionar variedades promissoras para o estresse hídrico com base em parâmetros fisiológicos, bioquímicos e de produtividade. Para tal, foram realizados dois experimentos, um em condição de casa de vegetação e outro em condições de campo. O delineamento experimental, do experimento de casa de vegetação foi inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 6 x 2 correspondendo a seis variedades de cana-de-açúcar (RB98710, RB962962, RB92579, C90-176, RB72454 e C90-178) e dois tratamentos, rega diária (controle) e suspensão da rega (sem rega). Já para o experimento de campo, o delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, compostos por oito parcelas, que corresponderam às oito variedades (RB92579, RB867515, RB863129, RB962962, RB972631, RB002504, RB992506 e C90-176), cultivadas em condições de irrigação de salvamento e de sequeiro. Foram avaliadas as variáveis fisiológicas das trocas gasosas, pigmentos fotossintéticos e relações hídricas, as análises bioquímicas de determinação dos teores de carboidratos, prolina e aminoácidos totais, para o experimento de casa de vegetação, além da análise de crescimento, concentração de proteínas solúveis totais e produtividade para o experimento de campo. As coletas para a realização das análises foram realizadas após 24 h e 72 h após a suspensão da rega para o experimento de casa de vegetação e após 3, 6 e 10 meses de cultivo no experimento de campo, além da produtividade após 11 meses. As variáveis fisiológicas no geral foram afetadas negativamente nas variedades de cana-de-açúcar tanto em condições de casa de vegetação, como no campo. No entanto, a variedade C90-176 se destacou dentre as estudadas em casa de vegetação, por não apresentar alterações nas suas trocas gasosas, relações hídricas e eficiência do uso da água, além de apresentar acúmulos significativos de teores de carboidratos nas folhas e prolina, nas raízes, após 24 h de estresse, indicando maior tolerância ao déficit hídrico de curta duração. A variedade RB962962 foi considerada a mais sensível ao déficit hídrico por reduzir as trocas gasosas logo no início do estresse, além de apresentar redução no potencial hídrico foliar e eficiência do uso da água após 72 h. Em adição, esta variedade apresentou reduções significativas do teor de prolina nas folhas e raízes, após 24 h de suspensão da rega, o que pode levar as plantas a um dano oxidativo numa maior exposição ao estresse. Já para o experimento realizado em condições de sequeiro, no campo, foi observado um possível ajustamento osmótico das variedades RB92579, RB867515, RB962962 e RB972631, com o acúmulo de aminoácidos e prolina, que atrelado ao fechamento parcial dos estômatos indicou a variedade RB92579 como a mais tolerante a seca, visto que mesmo com todas as variedades apresentando redução em suas produtividades, essa variedade apresentou menor redução (20%) em comparação a RB972631 que não apresentou fechamento estomático e reduziu a sua produtividade em 38%, sendo considerada, portanto, a mais sensível. O contraste das respostas ao cultivo de sequeiro, por meio da suspensão de rega, de curta ou longa duração, apresentado nas variedades indicadas como tolerantes e sensíveis à seca é bastante promissor para auxiliar nos programas de melhoramento genético. Pois, apresenta as vias de respostas mais eficientes, a fim de conferir maior tolerância da cana-de-açúcar a seca e contribui para ampliação do potencial das variedades já cultivadas ou o desenvolvimento de novas variedades recomendadas para cultivos regionais.The aim of this work was to select promising varieties to water stress based on physiological parameters, biochemical and productivity. To this end, two experiments were conducted, one in greenhouse condition and another in field conditions. The experiment, the greenhouse experiment was completely randomized in a factorial 6 x 2 corresponding to six varieties of sugarcane (RB98710, RB962962, RB92579, C90-176, C90-178 and RB72454) and two treatments , daily irrigation (control) and suspension of irrigation (no irrigation). As for the field experiment, the experimental design was a randomized block consisting of eight installments, corresponding to the eight varieties (RB92579, RB867515, RB863129, RB962962, RB972631, RB002504, RB992506 and C90-176), grown in conditions irrigation rescue and dry. the physiological variables of gas exchange were evaluated, photosynthetic pigments and water relations, biochemical analysis to determine the carbohydrate content, proline and total amino acids for the greenhouse experiment, besides the growth analysis, total soluble protein and productivity for the field experiment. The collections for the analyzes were carried out after 24 h and 72 h after stopping irrigation for home experiment of vegetation and after 3, 6 and 10 months of cultivation in the field experiment, in addition to productivity after 11 months. The physiological variables were overall quite heavily in varieties of sugarcane at home conditions of vegetation, and in the field. However, the C90-176 variety stood out among those studied in a greenhouse, not to present changes in its gas exchange, water relations and efficiency of water use, and present significant accumulations of carbohydrate concentration in leaves and proline, roots after 24 h of stress, indicating greater tolerance to water deficit of short duration. And RB962962 variety was considered the most sensitive to water deficit by reducing gas exchange early in the stress, and presents reduction in leaf water potential and efficiency of water use after 72 h. In addition, this strain showed significant reductions of the proline content in leaves and roots after 24 h of water removal, which can lead to an oxidative damage plants in greater exposure to stress. As for the experiment conducted under rainfed conditions in the field, it observed a possible osmotic adjustment of RB92579 varieties RB867515, RB962962 and RB972631, with the accumulation of amino acids and proline, which linked to the partial closing of the stomata indicated RB92579 variety as more tolerant to drought, since even with all varieties representing a reduction in their productivity, this variety showed lower reduction (20%) compared to RB972631 not presented stomatal closure and reduced their productivity by 38%, and is considered, therefore, the most sensitive. The contrast of the responses to dryland farming through irrigation suspension, short or long term, presented in varieties indicated as tolerant and sensitive to drought is promising to assist in breeding programs. Therefore it presents the way of more efficient responses in order to provide greater tolerance of sugarcane drought and contributes to expanding the potential of already cultivated varieties or the development of new varieties recommended for regional crops.Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNP

INFLUÊNCIA DA SALINIDADE NO CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE MUDAS DE Jatropha curcas L.

A propagação das sementes de Uma das consequências resultantes do processo de degradação ambiental é a salinização do solo. Uma estratégia para recuperação dessas áreas degradadas seria a inserção e manejo adequado de espécies vegetais, tais como o pinhão manso. Tendo em vista as potencialidades do pinhão manso, a presente pesquisa objetivou avaliar a influencia da salinidade no crescimento inicial de mudas de Jatropha curcas submetidas ao estresse salino. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação do Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal da UFRPE. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado sendo em esquema fatorial 2 x 4 correspondendo a dois períodos de avaliação (15 e 30 dias após a diferenciação dos tratamentos) e  quatro tratamentos salinos (0, 50, 75 e 100 mM de NaCl), com seis repetições. Analisou-se o crescimento, a produção da matéria seca e a alocação de biomassa da parte aérea e raiz. A salinidade afetou a altura, o número de folha e o diâmetro das plantas a partir da concentração de 50 mM de NaCl. Foi observada redução na produção da matéria seca da folha, um investimento na produção de matéria seca da raiz e uma alocação de biomassa para o caule. Conclui-se que as variáveis relacionadas ao crescimento, foram afetadas a partir de 50 mM de NaCl, contudo, a produção do sistema radicular e a alocação de biomassa para o caule, foi responsável pela manutenção do crescimento de Jatropha curcas, embora que numa taxa reduzida, até a concentração de 100 mM de NaCl

Differentially Delayed Root Proteome Responses to Salt Stress in Sugar Cane Varieties

Soil salinity is a limiting factor to sugar cane crop development, although in general plants present variable mechanisms of tolerance to salinity stress. The molecular basis underlying these mechanisms can be inferred by using proteomic analysis. Thus, the objective of this work was to identify differentially expressed proteins in sugar cane plants submitted to salinity stress. For that, a greenhouse experiment was established with four sugar cane varieties and two salt conditions, 0 mM (control) and 200 mM NaCl. Physiological and proteomics analyses were performed after 2 and 72 h of stress induction by salt. Distinct physiological responses to salinity stress were observed in the varieties and linked to tolerance mechanisms. In proteomic analysis, the roots soluble protein fraction was extracted, quantified, and analyzed through bidimensional electrophoresis. Gel images analyses were done computationally, where in each contrast only one variable was considered (salinity condition or variety). Differential spots were excised, digested by trypsin, and identified via mass spectrometry. The tolerant variety RB867515 showed the highest accumulation of proteins involved in growth, development, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, reactive oxygen species metabolization, protein protection, and membrane stabilization after 2 h of stress. On the other hand, the presence of these proteins in the sensitive variety was verified only in stress treatment after 72 h. These data indicate that these stress responses pathways play a role in the tolerance to salinity in sugar cane, and their effectiveness for phenotypical tolerance depends on early stress detection and activation of the coding genes expression

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit