Evaluation of Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness in Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis

Purpose. To evaluate the relationship between internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in the elderly population. Methods. A total of 42 eyes of 21 patients with more than 70% ICA stenosis (Group 1) on one side and less than 70% stenosis (Group 2) on the other side were recruited for this study. ICA stenosis was diagnosed using both the B-mode and Doppler ultrasound. The two groups were compared in terms of the percentage of stenosis, SFCT measurements, intraocular pressure, ocular perfusion pressure, refractive error, and peak systolic velocity. Eyes were examined with the RTVue-100 OCT device by the EDI-OCT technique. Results. The mean age of the patients was 71.9±10.8 years. The mean percentage of ICA stenosis was 74±4.9% in Group 1 and 47.5±7.7% in Group 2. The mean SFCT was 231.9±44.6 μm in Group 1 and 216.2±46.8 μm in Group 2, which was significantly lower (P=0.028). A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the percentage of internal carotid artery stenosis and SFCT (r=0896, P=0.001). Conclusions. Compensatory SFCT increase can be seen in ipsilateral internal carotid artery stenosis greater than 70%

Self-efficacy: ıts effects on physical education teacher candidates' attitudes toward the teaching profession

Ünlü, Hüseyin (Aksaray, Yazar)This study’s main aim was to determine physical education (PE) teacher candidates’ self-efficacy levels and attitudes toward the PE teaching profession. Designed on a survey model, this study was conducted during the 2011-2012 academic year. A total of 601 PE teacher candidates studying in the PE and sports teaching programs of six different universities in Turkey participated in the study. Study data were collected using the “Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale (TSES)” and the “Attitude Scale for the Profession of Physical Education Teaching (ASPPET).” Descriptive analysis, t-test, Pearson Correlation Coefficient Technique, and Multiple Regression Analysis methods were used for data analyses. PE teacher candidates were observed to deem themselves as moderately self-efficient in terms of the points they scored on the TSES as a whole (M = 142.56, SS = 40.820) and on its subscales (MIS = 47.62, SS = 14.169; MCM = 47.97, SS = 13.885; MSE = 46.96, SS = 13.873). In addition, PE teacher candidates scored high points on the ASPPET as a whole (M = 83.49, SS = 16.584) and its subscales (MAP = 48.38, SS = 10.613; MCP = 35.10, SS = 8.731). The study found no gender-based statistically significant difference between the self-efficacy of PE candidate teachers (t(599) = 1.363, p .05) and their attitudes toward the PE teaching profession (t(599) = 1.943, p .05). Another result gleaned from this study was the positive and statistically significant relationship between the points scored on the TSES as a whole and its subscales and on the ASPPET as a whole and its subscales (r = .247, p .01). The study also showed that PE teacher candidates’ self-efficacy levels did not constitute an important predictor for either the ASPPET as a whole (R2 = .062, F = 13.072, p .01) or for its subscales (AP = R2 = .081, F = 17.497; p .01; CP = R2 = .017, F = 3.410 p .01)

Prospective physical education teachers attitudes towards cheating

Ünlü, Hüseyin (Aksaray, Yazar)Kopya çekme davranışı öğretim sürecinin tüm kademelerinde görüldüğü gibi özellikle yüksek öğretimde son yıllarda sıkça rastlanan bir durum olagelmiştir. Bu araştırmanın amacı beden eğitimi öğretmen adaylarının kopya çekmeye yönelik tutumlarını tespit etmektir. Araştırma 2010–2011 eğitim öğretim yılında dört farklı üniversitenin beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmenliği programlarında öğrenim gören toplam 421 beden eğitimi öğretmen adayı üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak Semerci (2003) tarafından geliştirilen “Kopya Çekmeye İlişkin Tutum Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada beden eğitimi öğretmen adaylarının kopya çekmeye yönelik tutumları orta düzeyde bulunmuştur. Cinsiyet değişkeni ve öğrenim gördükleri sınıf düzeyi değişkeni açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık saptanmamıştır. Ayrıca araştırmada beden eğitimi öğretmen adaylarının not ortalaması ile kopya çekmeye ilişkin tutumları arasında da anlamlı bir ilişkiye rastlanmamıştır.Cheating behavior has seen at all levels of the teaching process although that among undergraduates has become rampant in recent years. The aim of this study was to determine the attitudes of prospective physical education teachers to the cheating. The study has been carried out 421 prospective physical education teachers in the four different universities physical education and sport teacher programs during the 2010-2011 academic terms. The data of the research have been collected by “The Scale for Attitude towards Cheating” which was developed by Semerci (2003). In the study it has found that prospective physical education teachers had moderate attitudes towards cheating. During the comparison according to the gender and class level it was not found any statistically significant differences. In addition with it was not observed that a significant correlation between the GPA and attitudes to the cheating

Comparison of Autorefraction and Photorefraction with and without Cycloplegia Using 1% Tropicamide in Preschool Children

Purpose. We aimed to investigate whether the accuracy of the Plusoptix A09 photorefractor in children with ametropia is enhanced by cycloplegia with 1% tropicamide. Methods. A total of 70 eyes (70 children) were retrospectively reviewed. Noncycloplegic photorefraction, cycloplegia with 1% tropicamide, cycloplegic photorefraction, and cycloplegic refraction with a tabletop autorefractometer were performed on all subjects in this order. Measurements were compared statistically. Results. The mean age was 45.9 ± 11.4 months. The mean spherical equivalent (0.61 ± 1.03 diopters (D); range, −2.38 to 3.63 D) and mean spherical power (1.16 ± 0.92 D; range, −1.25 to 3.75 D) values that were acquired from the photorefraction without cycloplegia showed statistically significant differences from those of the autorefraction with cycloplegia (mean spherical equivalent = 1.00 ± 1.27 D; range, −1.50 to 4.25 D, mean spherical power = 1.60 ± 1.14; range, −1.25 to 4.50 D). The mean difference for the spherical equivalent was −0.39 ± 0.93 D (P=0.021; 95% limits of agreement (LoA) = −2.22 D to 1.44 D) and for spherical power was −0.44 ± 1.02 D (P=0.016; LoA = −2.44 D to 1.56 D). Without cycloplegia, Plusoptix A09 showed myopic shift, while after cycloplegia, it showed hyperopic shift. Spherical equivalent (mean difference (MD) ± SD = 0.78 ± 1.00 D, P0.05). Conclusion. Cycloplegia with 1% tropicamide did not improve the accuracy of photorefraction using Plusoptix A09 in preschool children. The spherical equivalent and spherical power values obtained by photorefraction with cycloplegia were significantly higher from those obtained by autorefraction with cycloplegia

Anterior Chamber Angle and Volume Do Not Change after Myopic Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis in Young Patients

Purpose. We aimed to investigate whether anterior chamber angle, depth, and volume change after myopic laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in young patients. Methods. This retrospective study included 29 eyes of 29 patients (15 females and 14 males) between the ages of 18 and 39 years who underwent LASIK for the treatment of myopia. In addition to complete ophthalmic examination, anterior chamber angle (ACA), central anterior chamber depth (ACD), and anterior chamber volume (ACV) were measured by using a Sirius rotating Scheimpflug camera combined with Placido disc corneal topography (CSO, Florence, Italy). Preoperative and postoperative values were compared using paired t-tests. Linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between changes in refraction and changes in ACA, ACD, and ACV as well as between attempted maximum ablation depth and changes in ACA, ACD, and ACV. Results. The mean age of the study population was 25.5 ± 6.2 years. The mean preoperative and postoperative spherical equivalent values were −3.30 ± 1.92 D and −0.18 ± 0.29 D, respectively. ACV and ACA were not significantly changed after surgery; however, central ACD was significantly decreased (preoperatively = 3.366 ± 0.316 mm vs postoperatively = 3.3 ± 0.298 mm) with a mean difference of 0.066 ± 1.121 mm. There were no significant relationships between changes in refraction and anterior segment dimensions or between attempted maximum ablation depth and anterior segment dimensions. Conclusion. Measurements with Sirius showed that ACA and ACV did not change; however, central ACD significantly decreased after myopic LASIK in young patients, indicating that the preoperative central ACD value should not be used interchangeably with the postoperative central ACD value

Clinical Features and Prognosis of Herpetic Anterior Uveitis

Objective: To evaluate clinical features, complications, visual outcomes and treatment modalities in patients clinically diagnosed with herpetic anterior uveitis (AU). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 67 patients seen at the Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Ophthalmology Clinic, Uveitis and Cornea Department from January 2009 to June 2013. Results: Thirty-seven patients (55.2%) were female and 30 (44.7%) patients were male. The average follow-up period was 12.9 ± 10.6 months (range: 1-45 months). The most common ocular findings were granulomatous keratic precipitates (KPs) (82.2%), corneal involvement (62.6%), iris atrophy (41.7%) and transient elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) (40.2%). Recurrences were observed in 46.2% of the eyes and the median recurrence rate was 1.0 during the follow-up period. Topical steroids and oral antiviral (acyclovir) therapy were applied to all patients during active episodes. Long-term oral acyclovir was used in 29.8% of the patients. Recurrence rates were significantly lower in patients who used oral acyclovir for more than 6 months, whereas complications rates and final visual acuity did not show any difference between groups. Final visual acuity was better than 20/40 in 61.1% of eyes, and visual impairment was due to corneal scarring or cataract formation. Conclusion: Herpetic AU can present with or without corneal involvement. Granulomatous KPs, iris atrophy and elevated IOP are important clinical findings for the diagnosis of cases without corneal involvement. Long-term oral acyclovir treatment (more than 6 months) and is important to decrease recurrence rates and possible complications. Visual prognosis is favorable in cases without corneal scarring

Intravitreal Bevacizumab Treatment in Type 2 Idiopathic Macular Telangiectasia

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab treatment in type 2 idiopathic macular telangiectasia (IMT). Materials and Methods: Six eyes of 5 patients with type 2 IMT who received intravitreal bevacizumab between 2009 and 2014 were included in this study. All the patients had an ophthalmological examination including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), dilated fundus examination, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fluorescein angiography. Intravitreal bevacizumab injection was planned for patients who had macular edema and/or decreased visual acuity at baseline. Patients were examined 1 week and 1 month after the intravitreal injection. Intravitreal injection was repeated in patients whose visual acuity decreased and/or whose macular edema persisted or increased. Changes in BCVA, central macular thickness (CMT) and central macular volume from baseline at 1 month after the first injection and at final examination were evaluated. Results: Average age of the patients (4 female and 1 male) was 62±11.8 years. Average follow-up period was 26±11 months. Patients received an average of 2.3 (range 1-4) injections during follow-up. Average Snellen BCVA of the patients was 0.48±0.29. BCVA increased at final examination compared to baseline in all of the patients. The difference between baseline and final visual acuities was significant (p<0.05). The patients’ average CMT was 328±139 µm at baseline and decreased by a mean of 85±153 µm at 1 month after the first injection and 65±142 µm at final examination, but the changes were not significant. CMT decreased at final examination compared to baseline in four patients and increased in both eyes of one patient. Conclusion: Intravitreal bevacizumab injection is a preferable treatment method in regard to both visual acuity and OCT findings

KOCADAL (TORUL, GÜMÜŞHANE) Zn-Pb-Ag, Au VE Cu CEVHERLEŞMELERİNİN MİNERALOJİSİ VE JEOKİMYASI

Kocadal baz ve değerli metal cevherleşmeleri, Gümüşhane ilinin güneybatısında yer almaktadır. Doğu Pontidlerin güney kesiminde yer alan inceleme alanında; Gümüşhane graniti, Hamurkesen formasyonu, Berdiga formasyonu, Mescitli formasyonu, dasit porfir ve andezit porfirler ile alüvyon ve yamaç molozu yüzeylemektedir. Kocadal civarında üç farklı lokasyonda jeolojik farklılık sunan cevherleşmeler belirlenmiştir. Bunlar; (i) Batarya tepe civarında izlenen (ia) Hamurkesen formasyonuna ait konglomera-kumtaşları içindeki Zn cevherleşmesi, (ib) dasit porfirlere bağlı olarak gelişmiş Zn-Pb-Ag-(Au) cevherleşmesi, (ii) Batarya tepenin güneybatısında ki Au cevherleşmesi ve (iii) Gözelerin dere civarında kuvars damar ve damarcıklarına bağlı olarak gelişmiş Cu cevherleşmesidir. Konglomera içerisindeki altere cevherli çakılların ana cevher minerali sfalerit ve pirit olarak belirlenmiştir. Dasit porfirlere bağlı gelişmiş hidrotermal evreye ait cevher mineral parajenezi ise pirit, sfalerit, galenit, kalkopirit, pirotin, arsenopirit, markasit, fahlerz, prustit ve pirarjirit. Hidrotermal cevherleşmeye ait alterasyon kalıpları yaşlıdan gence doğru (i) tremolit-aktinolit ± granat, (ii) kuvars-serizit-klorit ve (iii) karbonatsilis alterasyonu şeklinde gruplanmıştır. Gözelerin dere civarındaki kuvars damarlarında ise cevher minerali olarak pirit, kalkopirit ve galenit izlenmektedir. Batarya tepe civarındaki sondaj örneklerine özgü jeokimya sonuçlarına göre yapılan jeoistatistik çalışmalarda faklı cevherleşme tiplerine özgü korelasyon katsayılarında farklı element birliktelikleri saptanmıştır