13 research outputs found
ALMA [C i]3 P 1â3 P 0 Observations of NGC 6240: A Puzzling Molecular Outflow, and the Role of Outflows in the Global α CO Factor of (U)LIRGs
We present Atacama large millimeter/submillimeter array (ALMA) and compact array (ACA) [C I]{}3{P}1-3{P}0 ([C I](1-0)) observations of NGC 6240, which we combine with ALMA CO(2-1) and IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer CO(1-0) data to study the physical properties of the massive molecular (H2) outflow. We discover that the receding and approaching sides of the H2 outflow, aligned east-west, exceed 10 kpc in their total extent. High resolution (0\buildrel{\prime\prime}\over{.} 24) [C I](1-0) line images surprisingly reveal that the outflow emission peaks between the two active galactic nuclei (AGNs), rather than on either of the two, and that it dominates the velocity field in this nuclear region. We combine the [C I](1-0) and CO(1-0) data to constrain the CO-to-H2 conversion factor ({α }CO}) in the outflow, which is on average 2.1+/- 1.2 {M}â {({{K}}{km}{{{s}}}-1{pc}}2)}-1. We estimate that 60 ± 20% of the total H2 gas reservoir of NGC 6240 is entrained in the outflow, for a resulting mass-loss rate of {\dot{M}}out}=2500+/- 1200 {M}â {yr}}-1\equiv 50+/- 30 SFR. These energetics rule out a solely star formation-driven wind, but the puzzling morphology challenges a classic radiative-mode AGN feedback scenario. For the quiescent gas, we compute CO}> =3.2+/- 1.8 {M}â {({{K}}{km}{{{s}}}-1{pc}}2)}-1, which is at least twice the value commonly employed for (ultra) luminous infrared galaxies ((U)LIRGs). We observe a tentative trend of increasing {r}21\equiv {L}CO(2-1)}{\prime }/{L}CO(1-0)}{\prime } ratios with velocity dispersion and measure r 21 > 1 in the outflow, whereas r 21 â 1 in the quiescent gas. We propose that molecular outflows are the location of the warmer, strongly unbound phase that partially reduces the opacity of the CO lines in (U)LIRGs, hence driving down their global {α }CO} and increasing their r 21 values
Death and the Societies of Late Antiquity
Ce volume bilingue, comprenant un ensemble de 28 contributions disponibles en français et en anglais (dans leur version longue ou abrĂ©gĂ©e), propose dâĂ©tablir un Ă©tat des lieux des rĂ©flexions, recherches et Ă©tudes conduites sur le fait funĂ©raire Ă lâĂ©poque tardo-antique au sein des provinces de lâEmpire romain et sur leurs rĂ©gions limitrophes, afin dâouvrir de nouvelles perspectives sur ses Ă©volutions possibles. Au cours des trois derniĂšres dĂ©cennies, les transformations considĂ©rables des mĂ©thodologies dĂ©ployĂ©es sur le terrain et en laboratoire ont permis un renouveau des questionnements sur les populations et les pratiques funĂ©raires de lâAntiquitĂ© tardive, pĂ©riode marquĂ©e par de multiples changements politiques, sociaux, dĂ©mographiques et culturels. Lâapparition de ce qui a Ă©tĂ© initialement dĂ©signĂ© comme une « Anthropologie de terrain », qui fut le dĂ©but de la dĂ©marche archĂ©othanatologique, puis le rĂ©cent dĂ©veloppement dâapproches collaboratives entre des domaines scientifiques divers (archĂ©othanatologie, biochimie et gĂ©ochimie, gĂ©nĂ©tique, histoire, Ă©pigraphie par exemple) ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©cisives pour le renouvellement des problĂ©matiques dâĂ©tude : rĂ©vision dâanciens concepts comme apparition dâaxes dâanalyse inĂ©dits. Les recherches rassemblĂ©es dans cet ouvrage sont articulĂ©es autour de quatre grands thĂšmes : lâĂ©volution des pratiques funĂ©raires dans le temps, lâidentitĂ© sociale dans la mort, les ensembles funĂ©raires en transformation (organisation et topographie) et les territoires de lâempire (du cĆur aux marges). Ces Ă©tudes proposent un rĂ©examen et une rĂ©vision des donnĂ©es, tant anthropologiques quâarchĂ©ologiques ou historiques sur lâAntiquitĂ© tardive, et rĂ©vĂšlent, Ă cet Ă©gard, une mosaĂŻque de paysages politiques, sociaux et culturels singuliĂšrement riches et complexes. Elles accroissent nos connaissances sur le traitement des dĂ©funts, lâemplacement des aires funĂ©raires ou encore la structure des sĂ©pultures, en rĂ©vĂ©lant une diversitĂ© de pratiques, et permettent au final de relancer la rĂ©flexion sur la maniĂšre dont les sociĂ©tĂ©s tardo-antiques envisagent la mort et sur les Ă©lĂ©ments permettant dâidentifier et de dĂ©finir la diversitĂ© des groupes qui les composent. Elles dĂ©montrent ce faisant que nous pouvons vĂ©ritablement apprĂ©hender les structures culturelles et sociales des communautĂ©s anciennes et leurs potentielles transformations, Ă partir de lâĂ©tude des pratiques funĂ©raires.This bilingual volume proposes to draw up an assessment of the recent research conducted on funerary behavior during Late Antiquity in the provinces of the Roman Empire and on their borders, in order to open new perspectives on its possible developments. The considerable transformations of the methodologies have raised the need for a renewal of the questions on the funerary practices during Late Antiquity, a period marked by multiple political, social, demographic and cultural changes. The emergence field anthropology, which was the beginning of archaeothanatology, and then the recent development of collaborative approaches between various scientific fields (archaeothanatology, biochemistry and geochemistry, genetics, history, epigraphy, for example), have been decisive. The research collected in this book is structured around four main themes: Evolution of funerary practices over time; Social identity through death; Changing burial grounds (organisation and topography); Territories of the Empire (from the heart to the margins). These studies propose a review and a revision of the data, both anthropological and archaeological or historical on Late Antiquity, and reveal a mosaic of political, social, and cultural landscapes singularly rich and complex. In doing so, they demonstrate that we can truly understand the cultural and social structures of ancient communities and their potential transformations, based on the study of funerary practices
Dal contesto geomorfologico all'edificio. La "Villa dei Centroni" al IX miglio della via Latina: studio analitico per un grande complesso in lava leucitica alle falde dei Colli Albani
La ricerca intende esaminare le soluzioni architettoniche, in termini di pianificazione topografica e di progettazione degli spazi, sviluppate in un contesto fortemente caratterizzato sotto il profilo geomorfologico, con evidenti e particolari ricadute sul costruito antico: si tratta della cosiddetta âVilla dei Centroniâ, i cui imponenti resti in lava leucititica si conservano nel suburbio sud-orientale di Roma, non lontano dai centri di Grottaferrata e Frascati.
Le osservazioni raccolte dallo studio apportano significativi elementi di novitĂ in merito alla conoscenza del complesso e delle sue fasi di vita, suscitando interrogativi meritevoli di ulteriori future indagini
Via Ostiense. Tombe romane presso la Rupe di S. Paolo. Rilievi archeologici e analisi delle strutture (Municipio VIII)
Il contributo illustra un settore poco noto del sepolcreto della via ostiense, offrendone per la prima volta un inquadramento storico-topografico e un'analisi di dettaglio, frutto delle recenti attivitĂ di documentazione grafica condotte sul posto. Ne emerge un interessante quadro preliminare che, oltre a delineare la storia del rinvenimento e della conservazione dei resti, consente di apprezzarne le peculiaritĂ architettoniche in termini di tecnica edilizia e pianificazione dello spazio
Il sepolcro c.d. dei Veienti. Rilievo e analisi per l'interpretazione (Municipio XV)
Il contributo sintetizza i risultati dello studio condotto sul sepolcro dei Veienti, un'evidenza particolarmente conservata e significativa posta lungo un tracciato collegato alla Via Cassia Antica. Dall'esame dei resti dalla loro documentazione grafica sono desumibili dati utili alla cronologia e alla ricostruzione dell'edificio originario
Enhanced UV radiation and dense clumps in the molecular outflow of Mrk 231
We present interferometric observations of the CN(1-0) line emission in Mrk 231 and combine them with previous observations of CO and other H-2 gas tracers to study the physical properties of the massive molecular outflow. We find a strong boost of the CN/CO(1-0) line luminosity ratio in the outflow of Mrk 231, which is unprecedented compared to any other known Galactic or extragalactic astronomical source. For the dense gas phase in the outflow traced by the HCN and CN emissions, we infer X-CN equivalent to [CN]/[H-2]> X-HCN by at least a factor of three, with H-2 gas densities of n(H2) similar to 10(5-6)& x2006;cm(-3). In addition, we resolve for the first time narrow spectral features in the HCN(1-0) and HCO+(1-0) high-velocity line wings tracing the dense phase of the outflow. The velocity dispersions of these spectral features, sigma(v) similar to 7-20 km s(-1), are consistent with those of massive extragalactic giant molecular clouds detected in nearby starburst nuclei. The H-2 gas masses inferred from the HCN data are quite high, M-mol similar to 0.3-5 x 10(8) M-circle dot. Our results suggest that massive complexes of denser molecular gas survive embedded into the more diffuse H-2 phase of the outflow, and that the chemistry of these outflowing dense clouds is strongly affected by UV radiation
Il sistema informativo geografico delle ville storiche di Roma
Dal 2013 la UnitĂ organizzativa Ville e parchi storici e il Laboratorio di cartografia della Sovrintendenza Capitolina ai Beni culturali hanno avviato un progetto per la realizzazione di un approfondimento GIS dedicato a Villa Borghese, ampliato dal 2016 anche alle altre 36 ville di proprietĂ comunale per una superficie complessiva di 641 ettari. Il motivo risiede nella particolare ricchezza, complessitĂ e varietĂ di beni architettonici, monumentali, archeologici, ambientali e storico-artistici compresi allâinterno delle ville storiche di Roma, veri e propri musei allâaperto. Nel sistema, sviluppato su tecnologia ESRI, sono state inserite e georiferite alla base moderna le principali cartografie storiche relative al territorio di Roma (fra cui ad esempio tutta la serie storica completa delle tavolette IGM 1:25.000 dal 1872 ad oggi) e numerosi tematismi vettoriali di sfondo (stradario di Roma, viabilitĂ , idrologia, geologia, carta della qualitĂ ) che costituiscono fondamentali strumenti per la creazione e lâesportazione di specifiche mappe tematiche. La georeferenziazione di piante e cartografie storiche delle ville ha reso possibile una migliore conoscenza dellâevoluzione del territorio e delle sue trasformazioni nel corso dei secoli. Sono stati inoltre realizzati i tematismi vettoriali relativi agli edifici, ai musei, agli arredi artistici, alle fontane, ai giardini monumentali da collegare alle relative schede di catalogo del Sistema Informativo della Sovrintendenza Capitolina (SIMART). Come per la parte descrittiva della banca dati, anche la parte geografica Ăš stata sviluppata nella prospettiva di una futura fruizione pubblica tramite Internet. Il sistema GIS delle ville storiche di Roma si Ăš rivelato di fatto uno strumento essenziale per la conoscenza del territorio e nello stesso tempo uno strumento fondamentale per una sua corretta pianificazione e gestione quotidiana
Enhanced UV radiation and dense clumps in the molecular outflow of Mrk 231
We present interferometric observations of the CN(1â0) line emission in Mrk 231 and combine them with previous observations of CO and other H2 gas tracers to study the physical properties of the massive molecular outflow. We find a strong boost of the CN/CO(1â0) line luminosity ratio in the outflow of Mrk 231, which is unprecedented compared to any other known Galactic or extragalactic astronomical source. For the dense gas phase in the outflow traced by the HCN and CN emissions, we infer XCNââĄâ[CN]/[H2]> XHCN by at least a factor of three, with H2 gas densities of nH2ââŒâ105â6âcmâ3. In addition, we resolve for the first time narrow spectral features in the HCN(1â0) and HCO+(1â0) high-velocity line wings tracing the dense phase of the outflow. The velocity dispersions of these spectral features, ÏvââŒâ7â20 km sâ1, are consistent with those of massive extragalactic giant molecular clouds detected in nearby starburst nuclei. The H2 gas masses inferred from the HCN data are quite high, MmolââŒâ0.3â5â
Ăâ
108âMâ. Our results suggest that massive complexes of denser molecular gas survive embedded into the more diffuse H2 phase of the outflow, and that the chemistry of these outflowing dense clouds is strongly affected by UV radiation
Via Ostiense. Nuove ricerche sui colombari del Sepolcreto della via Ostiense. Analisi dei resti antropologici e archeologici (Mun. VIII).
Il contributo raccoglie i risultati della campagna internazionale di ricerche multidisciplinari in corso nel Sepolcreto della via Ostiense a partire dall'anno 2018. Le ricerche hanno interessato principalmente i resti architettonici, epigrafici e bio-antropologici, fornendo nuovi spunti per una rilettura del complesso cimiteriale, a cento anni dalla sua scoperta
MAGNUM survey: A MUSE-Chandra resolved view on ionized outflows and photoionization in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1365
Context. Ionized outflows, revealed by broad asymmetric wings of the
[O III] lambda 5007 line, are commonly observed in active galactic
nuclei (AGN) but the low intrinsic spatial resolution of the
observations has generally prevented a detailed characterization of
their properties. The MAGNUM survey aims at overcoming these limitations
by focusing on the nearest AGN, including NGC 1365, a nearby Seyfert
galaxy (D similar to 17 Mpc), hosting a low-luminosity active nucleus
(L-bol similar to 2 x 10(43) erg s(-1)).
Aims. We want to obtain a detailed picture of the ionized gas in the
central similar to 5 kpc of NGC 1365 in terms of physical properties,
kinematics, and ionization mechanisms. We also aim to characterize the
warm ionized outflow as a function of distance from the nucleus and its
relation with the nuclear X-ray wind.
Methods. We employed optical integral-field spectroscopic observations
from VLT/MUSE to investigate the warm ionized gas and Chandra ACIS-S
X-ray data for the hot highly-ionized phase. We obtained flux,
kinematic, and diagnostic maps of the optical emission lines, which we
used to disentangle outflows from gravitational motions in the disk and
measure the gas properties down to a spatial resolution of similar to 70
pc. We then performed imaging spectroscopy on Chandra ACIS-S data guided
by the matching with MUSE maps.
Results. The [O III] emission mostly traces a kpc-scale biconical
outflow ionized by the AGN having velocities up to similar to 200 km
s(-1). H alpha emission traces instead star formation in a circumnuclear
ring and along the bar, where we detect non-circular streaming gas
motions. Soft X-rays are predominantly due to thermal emission from the
star-forming regions, but we manage to isolate the AGN photoionized
component which nicely matches the [O III] emission. The mass outflow
rate of the extended ionized outflow is similar to that of the nuclear
X-ray wind and then decreases with radius, implying that the outflow
either slows down or that the AGN activity has recently increased.
However, the hard X-ray emission from the circumnuclear ring suggests
that star formation might in principle contribute to the outflow. The
integrated mass outflow rate, kinetic energy rate, and outflow velocity
are broadly consistent with the typical relations observed in more
luminous AGN