ALMA [C i]3 P 1–3 P 0 Observations of NGC 6240: A Puzzling Molecular Outflow, and the Role of Outflows in the Global α CO Factor of (U)LIRGs

We present Atacama large millimeter/submillimeter array (ALMA) and compact array (ACA) [C I]{}3{P}1-3{P}0 ([C I](1-0)) observations of NGC 6240, which we combine with ALMA CO(2-1) and IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer CO(1-0) data to study the physical properties of the massive molecular (H2) outflow. We discover that the receding and approaching sides of the H2 outflow, aligned east-west, exceed 10 kpc in their total extent. High resolution (0\buildrel{\prime\prime}\over{.} 24) [C I](1-0) line images surprisingly reveal that the outflow emission peaks between the two active galactic nuclei (AGNs), rather than on either of the two, and that it dominates the velocity field in this nuclear region. We combine the [C I](1-0) and CO(1-0) data to constrain the CO-to-H2 conversion factor ({α }CO}) in the outflow, which is on average 2.1+/- 1.2 {M}☉ {({{K}}{km}{{{s}}}-1{pc}}2)}-1. We estimate that 60 ± 20% of the total H2 gas reservoir of NGC 6240 is entrained in the outflow, for a resulting mass-loss rate of {\dot{M}}out}=2500+/- 1200 {M}☉ {yr}}-1\equiv 50+/- 30 SFR. These energetics rule out a solely star formation-driven wind, but the puzzling morphology challenges a classic radiative-mode AGN feedback scenario. For the quiescent gas, we compute CO}> =3.2+/- 1.8 {M}☉ {({{K}}{km}{{{s}}}-1{pc}}2)}-1, which is at least twice the value commonly employed for (ultra) luminous infrared galaxies ((U)LIRGs). We observe a tentative trend of increasing {r}21\equiv {L}CO(2-1)}{\prime }/{L}CO(1-0)}{\prime } ratios with velocity dispersion and measure r 21 > 1 in the outflow, whereas r 21 ≃ 1 in the quiescent gas. We propose that molecular outflows are the location of the warmer, strongly unbound phase that partially reduces the opacity of the CO lines in (U)LIRGs, hence driving down their global {α }CO} and increasing their r 21 values

Death and the Societies of Late Antiquity

Ce volume bilingue, comprenant un ensemble de 28 contributions disponibles en français et en anglais (dans leur version longue ou abrégée), propose d’établir un état des lieux des réflexions, recherches et études conduites sur le fait funéraire à l’époque tardo-antique au sein des provinces de l’Empire romain et sur leurs régions limitrophes, afin d’ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives sur ses évolutions possibles. Au cours des trois dernières décennies, les transformations considérables des méthodologies déployées sur le terrain et en laboratoire ont permis un renouveau des questionnements sur les populations et les pratiques funéraires de l’Antiquité tardive, période marquée par de multiples changements politiques, sociaux, démographiques et culturels. L’apparition de ce qui a été initialement désigné comme une « Anthropologie de terrain », qui fut le début de la démarche archéothanatologique, puis le récent développement d’approches collaboratives entre des domaines scientifiques divers (archéothanatologie, biochimie et géochimie, génétique, histoire, épigraphie par exemple) ont été décisives pour le renouvellement des problématiques d’étude : révision d’anciens concepts comme apparition d’axes d’analyse inédits. Les recherches rassemblées dans cet ouvrage sont articulées autour de quatre grands thèmes : l’évolution des pratiques funéraires dans le temps, l’identité sociale dans la mort, les ensembles funéraires en transformation (organisation et topographie) et les territoires de l’empire (du cœur aux marges). Ces études proposent un réexamen et une révision des données, tant anthropologiques qu’archéologiques ou historiques sur l’Antiquité tardive, et révèlent, à cet égard, une mosaïque de paysages politiques, sociaux et culturels singulièrement riches et complexes. Elles accroissent nos connaissances sur le traitement des défunts, l’emplacement des aires funéraires ou encore la structure des sépultures, en révélant une diversité de pratiques, et permettent au final de relancer la réflexion sur la manière dont les sociétés tardo-antiques envisagent la mort et sur les éléments permettant d’identifier et de définir la diversité des groupes qui les composent. Elles démontrent ce faisant que nous pouvons véritablement appréhender les structures culturelles et sociales des communautés anciennes et leurs potentielles transformations, à partir de l’étude des pratiques funéraires.This bilingual volume proposes to draw up an assessment of the recent research conducted on funerary behavior during Late Antiquity in the provinces of the Roman Empire and on their borders, in order to open new perspectives on its possible developments. The considerable transformations of the methodologies have raised the need for a renewal of the questions on the funerary practices during Late Antiquity, a period marked by multiple political, social, demographic and cultural changes. The emergence field anthropology, which was the beginning of archaeothanatology, and then the recent development of collaborative approaches between various scientific fields (archaeothanatology, biochemistry and geochemistry, genetics, history, epigraphy, for example), have been decisive. The research collected in this book is structured around four main themes: Evolution of funerary practices over time; Social identity through death; Changing burial grounds (organisation and topography); Territories of the Empire (from the heart to the margins). These studies propose a review and a revision of the data, both anthropological and archaeological or historical on Late Antiquity, and reveal a mosaic of political, social, and cultural landscapes singularly rich and complex. In doing so, they demonstrate that we can truly understand the cultural and social structures of ancient communities and their potential transformations, based on the study of funerary practices

Dal contesto geomorfologico all'edificio. La "Villa dei Centroni" al IX miglio della via Latina: studio analitico per un grande complesso in lava leucitica alle falde dei Colli Albani

La ricerca intende esaminare le soluzioni architettoniche, in termini di pianificazione topografica e di progettazione degli spazi, sviluppate in un contesto fortemente caratterizzato sotto il profilo geomorfologico, con evidenti e particolari ricadute sul costruito antico: si tratta della cosiddetta “Villa dei Centroni”, i cui imponenti resti in lava leucititica si conservano nel suburbio sud-orientale di Roma, non lontano dai centri di Grottaferrata e Frascati. Le osservazioni raccolte dallo studio apportano significativi elementi di novità in merito alla conoscenza del complesso e delle sue fasi di vita, suscitando interrogativi meritevoli di ulteriori future indagini

Via Ostiense. Tombe romane presso la Rupe di S. Paolo. Rilievi archeologici e analisi delle strutture (Municipio VIII)

Il contributo illustra un settore poco noto del sepolcreto della via ostiense, offrendone per la prima volta un inquadramento storico-topografico e un'analisi di dettaglio, frutto delle recenti attività di documentazione grafica condotte sul posto. Ne emerge un interessante quadro preliminare che, oltre a delineare la storia del rinvenimento e della conservazione dei resti, consente di apprezzarne le peculiarità architettoniche in termini di tecnica edilizia e pianificazione dello spazio

Il sepolcro c.d. dei Veienti. Rilievo e analisi per l'interpretazione (Municipio XV)

Il contributo sintetizza i risultati dello studio condotto sul sepolcro dei Veienti, un'evidenza particolarmente conservata e significativa posta lungo un tracciato collegato alla Via Cassia Antica. Dall'esame dei resti dalla loro documentazione grafica sono desumibili dati utili alla cronologia e alla ricostruzione dell'edificio originario

Enhanced UV radiation and dense clumps in the molecular outflow of Mrk 231

We present interferometric observations of the CN(1-0) line emission in Mrk 231 and combine them with previous observations of CO and other H-2 gas tracers to study the physical properties of the massive molecular outflow. We find a strong boost of the CN/CO(1-0) line luminosity ratio in the outflow of Mrk 231, which is unprecedented compared to any other known Galactic or extragalactic astronomical source. For the dense gas phase in the outflow traced by the HCN and CN emissions, we infer X-CN equivalent to [CN]/[H-2]> X-HCN by at least a factor of three, with H-2 gas densities of n(H2) similar to 10(5-6)& x2006;cm(-3). In addition, we resolve for the first time narrow spectral features in the HCN(1-0) and HCO+(1-0) high-velocity line wings tracing the dense phase of the outflow. The velocity dispersions of these spectral features, sigma(v) similar to 7-20 km s(-1), are consistent with those of massive extragalactic giant molecular clouds detected in nearby starburst nuclei. The H-2 gas masses inferred from the HCN data are quite high, M-mol similar to 0.3-5 x 10(8) M-circle dot. Our results suggest that massive complexes of denser molecular gas survive embedded into the more diffuse H-2 phase of the outflow, and that the chemistry of these outflowing dense clouds is strongly affected by UV radiation

Il sistema informativo geografico delle ville storiche di Roma

Dal 2013 la Unità organizzativa Ville e parchi storici e il Laboratorio di cartografia della Sovrintendenza Capitolina ai Beni culturali hanno avviato un progetto per la realizzazione di un approfondimento GIS dedicato a Villa Borghese, ampliato dal 2016 anche alle altre 36 ville di proprietà comunale per una superficie complessiva di 641 ettari. Il motivo risiede nella particolare ricchezza, complessità e varietà di beni architettonici, monumentali, archeologici, ambientali e storico-artistici compresi all’interno delle ville storiche di Roma, veri e propri musei all’aperto. Nel sistema, sviluppato su tecnologia ESRI, sono state inserite e georiferite alla base moderna le principali cartografie storiche relative al territorio di Roma (fra cui ad esempio tutta la serie storica completa delle tavolette IGM 1:25.000 dal 1872 ad oggi) e numerosi tematismi vettoriali di sfondo (stradario di Roma, viabilità, idrologia, geologia, carta della qualità) che costituiscono fondamentali strumenti per la creazione e l’esportazione di specifiche mappe tematiche. La georeferenziazione di piante e cartografie storiche delle ville ha reso possibile una migliore conoscenza dell’evoluzione del territorio e delle sue trasformazioni nel corso dei secoli. Sono stati inoltre realizzati i tematismi vettoriali relativi agli edifici, ai musei, agli arredi artistici, alle fontane, ai giardini monumentali da collegare alle relative schede di catalogo del Sistema Informativo della Sovrintendenza Capitolina (SIMART). Come per la parte descrittiva della banca dati, anche la parte geografica è stata sviluppata nella prospettiva di una futura fruizione pubblica tramite Internet. Il sistema GIS delle ville storiche di Roma si è rivelato di fatto uno strumento essenziale per la conoscenza del territorio e nello stesso tempo uno strumento fondamentale per una sua corretta pianificazione e gestione quotidiana

Enhanced UV radiation and dense clumps in the molecular outflow of Mrk 231

We present interferometric observations of the CN(1–0) line emission in Mrk 231 and combine them with previous observations of CO and other H2 gas tracers to study the physical properties of the massive molecular outflow. We find a strong boost of the CN/CO(1–0) line luminosity ratio in the outflow of Mrk 231, which is unprecedented compared to any other known Galactic or extragalactic astronomical source. For the dense gas phase in the outflow traced by the HCN and CN emissions, we infer XCN ≡ [CN]/[H2]> XHCN by at least a factor of three, with H2 gas densities of nH2 ∼ 105−6 cm−3. In addition, we resolve for the first time narrow spectral features in the HCN(1–0) and HCO+(1–0) high-velocity line wings tracing the dense phase of the outflow. The velocity dispersions of these spectral features, σv ∼ 7−20 km s−1, are consistent with those of massive extragalactic giant molecular clouds detected in nearby starburst nuclei. The H2 gas masses inferred from the HCN data are quite high, Mmol ∼ 0.3−5 × 108 M⊙. Our results suggest that massive complexes of denser molecular gas survive embedded into the more diffuse H2 phase of the outflow, and that the chemistry of these outflowing dense clouds is strongly affected by UV radiation

Via Ostiense. Nuove ricerche sui colombari del Sepolcreto della via Ostiense. Analisi dei resti antropologici e archeologici (Mun. VIII).

Il contributo raccoglie i risultati della campagna internazionale di ricerche multidisciplinari in corso nel Sepolcreto della via Ostiense a partire dall'anno 2018. Le ricerche hanno interessato principalmente i resti architettonici, epigrafici e bio-antropologici, fornendo nuovi spunti per una rilettura del complesso cimiteriale, a cento anni dalla sua scoperta

MAGNUM survey: A MUSE-Chandra resolved view on ionized outflows and photoionization in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1365

Context. Ionized outflows, revealed by broad asymmetric wings of the [O III] lambda 5007 line, are commonly observed in active galactic nuclei (AGN) but the low intrinsic spatial resolution of the observations has generally prevented a detailed characterization of their properties. The MAGNUM survey aims at overcoming these limitations by focusing on the nearest AGN, including NGC 1365, a nearby Seyfert galaxy (D similar to 17 Mpc), hosting a low-luminosity active nucleus (L-bol similar to 2 x 10(43) erg s(-1)). Aims. We want to obtain a detailed picture of the ionized gas in the central similar to 5 kpc of NGC 1365 in terms of physical properties, kinematics, and ionization mechanisms. We also aim to characterize the warm ionized outflow as a function of distance from the nucleus and its relation with the nuclear X-ray wind. Methods. We employed optical integral-field spectroscopic observations from VLT/MUSE to investigate the warm ionized gas and Chandra ACIS-S X-ray data for the hot highly-ionized phase. We obtained flux, kinematic, and diagnostic maps of the optical emission lines, which we used to disentangle outflows from gravitational motions in the disk and measure the gas properties down to a spatial resolution of similar to 70 pc. We then performed imaging spectroscopy on Chandra ACIS-S data guided by the matching with MUSE maps. Results. The [O III] emission mostly traces a kpc-scale biconical outflow ionized by the AGN having velocities up to similar to 200 km s(-1). H alpha emission traces instead star formation in a circumnuclear ring and along the bar, where we detect non-circular streaming gas motions. Soft X-rays are predominantly due to thermal emission from the star-forming regions, but we manage to isolate the AGN photoionized component which nicely matches the [O III] emission. The mass outflow rate of the extended ionized outflow is similar to that of the nuclear X-ray wind and then decreases with radius, implying that the outflow either slows down or that the AGN activity has recently increased. However, the hard X-ray emission from the circumnuclear ring suggests that star formation might in principle contribute to the outflow. The integrated mass outflow rate, kinetic energy rate, and outflow velocity are broadly consistent with the typical relations observed in more luminous AGN