Light Curves of Hydrogen-poor Superluminous Supernovae from the Palomar Transient Factory

We investigate the light-curve properties of a sample of 26 spectroscopically confirmed hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae (SLSNe-I) in the Palomar Transient Factory survey. These events are brighter than SNe Ib/c and SNe Ic-BL, on average, by about 4 and 2 mag, respectively. The peak absolute magnitudes of SLSNe-I in rest-frame g band span −22 ≾ M g ≾ −20 mag, and these peaks are not powered by radioactive ^(56)Ni, unless strong asymmetries are at play. The rise timescales are longer for SLSNe than for normal SNe Ib/c, by roughly 10 days, for events with similar decay times. Thus, SLSNe-I can be considered as a separate population based on photometric properties. After peak, SLSNe-I decay with a wide range of slopes, with no obvious gap between rapidly declining and slowly declining events. The latter events show more irregularities (bumps) in the light curves at all times. At late times, the SLSN-I light curves slow down and cluster around the ^(56)Co radioactive decay rate. Powering the late-time light curves with radioactive decay would require between 1 and 10 M⊙ of Ni masses. Alternatively, a simple magnetar model can reasonably fit the majority of SLSNe-I light curves, with four exceptions, and can mimic the radioactive decay of ^(56)Co, up to ~400 days from explosion. The resulting spin values do not correlate with the host-galaxy metallicities. Finally, the analysis of our sample cannot strengthen the case for using SLSNe-I for cosmology

Terahertz imaging of sub-wavelength particles with Zenneck surface waves

Impact of sub-wavelength-size dielectric particles on Zenneck surface waves on planar metallic antennas is investigated at terahertz (THz) frequencies with THz near-field probe microscopy. Perturbations of the surface waves show the particle presence, despite its sub-wavelength size. The experimental configuration, which utilizes excitation of surface waves at metallic edges, is suitable for THz imaging of dielectric sub-wavelength size objects. As a proof of concept, the effects of a small strontium titanate rectangular particle and a titanium dioxide sphere on the surface field of a bow-tie antenna are experimentally detected and verified using full-wave simulations

Conformal transformation in bowtie nanoantennas and nanocavities: unveiling hidden symmetries

In this work, bowtie nanoantennas and nanocavities are analyzed using the conformal transformation technique. Their performance is studied in terms of the non-radiative Purcell enhancement and self-induced optical forces experienced by quantum emitters. It is demonstrated how these two geometrically different plasmonic nanoparticles can share the same non-radiative Purcell spectra. This hidden symmetric response is unveiled by properly applying the conformal transformation technique, demonstrating that both nanoparticles share the same transformed geometry

Impact of plasmonic bowtie nanoantennas and nanocavities on the dynamics of nearby nanoemitters

Metallic nanoparticles exert a strong influence on the electrodynamics and mechanical dynamics of nanoemitters in their vicinity. Transformation optics can provide analytical descriptions and physical insight on these scenarios. As a case of study, we discuss the use of conformal transformation to understand the nonradiative Purcell enhancement and the optical forces experienced by nanoemitters nearby bowtie nanocavities and nanoantennas

Perjanjian Jual Beli Tenaga Listrik PRA Bayar antara Pelanggan dengan PT. Pln Area Pekanbaru (Persero) Rayon Panam

Electric power services being developed by PT. PLN (Persero) is currently the prepaidservices of electric power, the customers who use electric power prepaid services both newcustomers and migrated customers from electricity users postpaid to prepaid electricity usershave to register first to the nearest PLN office or to the official website of PLN. After registering,there will be an agreement between PLN with the customers to conduct the electricity purchase.However in fact, not all of the pre-paid electricity uses the purchase agreement, for examplethere are some customers who are late for 2-3 months late in paying accounts, and there is thetermination and replacement of electricity postpaid to prepaid electricity unilaterally performedby PLN without any notice and agreement first. Data collection technique used in this research isinterviews, questionnaires, and library research. The research findings concluded are: first, thepurchase agreements between customers and PT. Pekanbaru Area PLN (Persero) Rayon Panamis not purely a legal agreement because the process of installation of pre-paid electricity is donewithout notice and consent from the customer. Second, the effect of purchase agreement pre-paidbetween the customers and PT. Pekanbaru Area PLN (Persero) Rayon Panam is there is theobligation of the customer which is not fulfilled. It is by not paying the electric bill each monthwithin a predetermined time up to 2-3 months in a row causes the electrical disconnection by thePLN as a sanction, but by not paying the electricity bill for 2-3 months, it does not mean thatPLN electricity can replace it by electricity prepaid without the permission from PLN. The writersuggests that, First, PLN should give notice for the termination to the customers in order to avoidmake customers feeling disadvantaged, and for the installation of pre-paid electricity, thecustomer should have the agreement letter. Secondly, as the electricity users, customers shouldrealize for their rights and obligations, the PLN should give prior notice to the customer beforeperforming the electrical disconnection

Zoned near-zero refractive index fishnet lens antenna: Steering millimeter waves

The following article appeared in Pacheco-Pena, V., Orazbayev, B., Beaskoetxea, U., Beruete, M., & Navarro-Cia, M. (n.d). Zoned near-zero refractive index fishnet lens antenna: Steering millimeter waves. Journal Of Applied Physics, 115(12), and may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4869436.A zoned fishnet metamaterial lens is designed, fabricated, and experimentally demonstrated at millimeter wavelengths to work as a negative near-zero refractive index lens suitable for compact lens antenna configurations. At the design frequency f=56.7GHz (wavelength = 5.29 mm), the zoned fishnet metamaterial lens, designed to have a focal length FL= 9 wavelengths, exhibits a refractive index n = 0.25. The focusing performance of the diffractive optical element is briefly compared with that of a non-zoned fishnet metamaterial lens and an isotropic homogeneous zoned lens made of a material with the same refractive index. Experimental and numerically-computed radiation diagrams of the fabricated zoned lens are presented and compared in detail with that of a simulated non-zoned lens. Simulation and experimental results are in good agreement, demonstrating an enhancement generated by the zoned lens of 10.7 dB, corresponding to a gain of 12.26 dB. Moreover, beam steering capability of the structure by shifting the feeder on the xz-plane is demonstrated.This work was supported in part by the Spanish Government under contract Consolider Engineering Metamaterials CSD2008-00066 and Contract No. TEC2011- 28664-C02-01. V.P.-P. is sponsored by Spanish Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte under Grant No. FPU AP- 2012-3796. B.O. is sponsored by Spanish Ministerio de Economıa y Competitividad under Grant No. FPI BES-2012- 054909. M.B. is sponsored by the Spanish Government via RYC-2011-08221. M. N.-C. is supported by the Imperial College Junior Research Fellowship

Understanding Bowtie Nanoantennas Excited by a Localized Emitter

A full analytical description of a bowtie nanoantenna excited by a localized emitter is presented using the transformation electromagnetic technique. By applying the conformal mapping, the bowtie nanoantenna is transformed into a periodic multi-parallel plate transmission line problem which can be easily evaluated analytically providing physical insight of the coupling between the dipole nanoemitter and the bowtie nanoantenna. The non-radiative Purcell enhancement spectrum is evaluated both analytically and numerically for different lengths, arm angles and metals, demonstrating a good agreement between both approaches. The method here presented fills the gap of the design techniques for optical nanoantennas