Local vertical compressive stress in the crane runway beam web

In this paper, the authors analysed several variants of connections between a block rail (60 mm × 60 mm) and a crane runway beam (IKS 800-6). They compared local vertical compressive stress in the crane runway beam web, calculated using an analytical approach and numerical simulations. In the case of the continuous block rail rigidly fixed to the beam flange, satisfactory convergence was obtained. For the remaining types of connections the results based on the analytical method were different from the results of the numerical simulations. The difference resulted from the fact that the analytical method did not take into account the crane rail joint. Furthermore, the impact of the elastomeric bearing pad on the local stress value was taken into account in a simplified manner in the analytical method by increasing the effective length by approximately 30%. The local vertical compressive stress in the crane runway beam web was significantly affected by the connection between the rail and the crane runway beam, the crane rail joint type, the use of the elastomeric bearing pad, the length of the elastomeric bearing pad, and the crane rail wear

On methods of collecting and ordering folk melodies [1907]

This is an English translation of an article originally published as “O metodach zbierania i porządkowania melodii ludowych”, Lud 1907 vol. XIII, 171-201, and copy Lvov 1907, p. 31. Reprinted in: Adolf Chybiński. O polskiej muzyce ludowej. Wybór prac etnograficznych (edited by Ludwik Bielawski). Polskie Wydawnictwo Muzyczne, Kraków 1961, 23-57. Draft translation: Zofia Weaver, copy-editing: Jessica Sloan-Leitner

The moral evaluation of brothers Kowalczyk’s behaviour on the background of the Radbruch’s formula and theory of Carl Schmitt

Celem artykułu jest ocena moralna zachowania braci Kowalczyków, którzy w październiku 1971 roku wysadzili aulę Wyższej Szkoły Pedagogicznej w Opolu. Zamach ten był reakcją na zaplanowane odznaczenie milicjantów tłumiących strajk robotników na Wybrzeżu w grudniu 1970 roku. Czyn ten będziemy rozpatrywać w oparciu o formułę Radbrucha i teorię partyzanta Carla Schmitta. Pierwsza z nich zakładała, że może istnieć system prawny, którego ustawy będą sprzeczne z zasadami moralnymi. Natomiast druga teoria opisywała zachowania partyzantów, którzy walczyli z reżimem komunistycznym w Hiszpanii. Pomoże nam to lepiej zrozumieć działanie Jerzego i Ryszarda Kowalczyków, spojrzeć na nich z innej perspektywy i być może znaleźć odpowiedź na pytanie: Czy byli to zwykli zbrodniarze, czy może bohaterowie, o których warto dziś pamiętać?The point of this article is a moral evaluation of brothers Kowalczyk’s behaviour, who blew up the hall of Higher Pedagogical School in Opole in Ocotber 1971. The attack was a reaction to the planned honoring of policemen, who supressed a riot of workers in Gdansk in 1970. We will consider this accident basing on Radbruch’s formula and Carl Schmitt’s theory. The first of this suggests, that there might be a legal system, whose law will be contrary to the moral principles. The second theory describes behaviour of the partisan, who fought against communists in Spain. It should help us to better understand behaviour of George and Richard Kowalczyk - to look at them from a different perspective and perhaps find the answer of the question - were they regular criminals or maybe heros, that are worth remembering

Badania eksperymentalne i numeryczne paneli z drewna klejonego warstwowo z fornirów

This paper presents a study of laminated veneer lumber panels subjected to bending. Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) is a sustainable building material manufactured by laminating 3-4-mm-thick wood veneers, using adhesives. The authors of this article studied the behaviour of type R laminated veneer lumber (LVL R), in which all veneers are glued together longitudinally - along the grain. Tensile, compressive and bending tests of LVL R were conducted. The short-term behaviour, load carrying-capacity, mode of failure and load-deflection of the LVL R panels were investigated. The authors observed failure modes at the collapse load, associated with the delamination and cracking of veneer layers in the tensile zone. What is more, two non-linear finite element models of the tested LVL R panel were developed and verified against the experimental results. In the 3D finite element model, LVL R was described as an elastic-perfectly plastic material. In the 2D finite element model, on the other hand, it was described as an orthotropic material and its failure was captured using the Hashin damage model. The comparison of the numerical and experimental analyses demonstrated that the adopted numerical models yielded the results similar to the experimental results.W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań zginanych paneli wykonanych z drewna klejonego warstwowo z fornirów (LVL). Materiał zgodny z ideą zrównoważonego budownictwa powstaje przez połączenie 3–4 mm fornirów za pomocą kleju. Autorzy badali zachowanie drewna klejonego warstwowo z fornirów, w którym wszystkie forniry są sklejone wzdłużnie – wzdłuż włókien (LVL R). Wyznaczono wytrzymałość materiału LVL R na rozciąganie, ściskanie i zginanie. Określono zachowanie, nośność, formę zniszczenia paneli LVL R oraz zależność siła-przemieszczenie. Autorzy zaobserwowali formę zniszczenia paneli związaną z rozwarstwianiem warstw materiału oraz z pękaniem fornirów w rozciąganej strefie panelu. Przygotowano dwa modele numeryczne panelu LVL R i porównano ich zachowanie z laboratoryjną próbą zginania. W trójwymiarowym modelu numerycznym, zachowanie LVL R opisano za pomocą modelu sprężysto-idealnie plastycznego. W dwuwymiarowym modelu numerycznym materiał LVL R opisano, wykorzystując model ortotropowy a jego zniszczenie uwzględniono, biorąc po uwagę kryterium Hashin’a. Wyniki otrzymane z analiz numerycznych były zbliżone do rezultatów badań

Grzegorz Gerwazy Gorczycki (+1734) : (przyczynek do historji muzyki w Krakowie). Cz.1. Życie - działalność - dzieła

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Structural Behaviour of Aluminium–Timber Composite Beams with Partial Shear Connections

In this paper, the short-term behaviour of innovative aluminium–timber composite beams was investigated. Laminated veneer lumber panels were attached to aluminium beams with screws. Recently conducted theoretical, experimental, and numerical investigations have focused on aluminium–timber composite beams with almost full shear connections. However, no experiments on aluminium–timber composite beams with partial shear connections have yet been conducted. For this reason, composite action in composite beams with different screw spacing was studied in this paper. Four-point bending tests were performed on aluminium–timber composite beams with different screw spacing to study their structural behaviour (ultimate load, mode of failure, load versus deflection response, load versus slip response, and short-term stiffness). The method used for steel–concrete composite beams with partial shear connection was adopted to estimate the load bearing capacity of the investigated aluminium–timber composite beams. The resistance to sagging bending of the aluminium–timber composite beams with partial shear connections from the theoretical analyses differed by 6–16% from the resistance in the laboratory tests. In addition, four 2D numerical models of the composite beams were developed. One model reflected the behaviour of the composite beam with full shear connection. The remaining models represented the composite beams with partial shear connections and were verified against the laboratory test results. Laminated veneer lumber was modelled as an orthotropic material and its failure was captured using the Hashin damage model. The resistance to sagging bending of the aluminium–timber composite beams with partial shear connections from the numerical analyses were only 3–6% lower than the one from the experiments

Bending Resistance of Metal-Concrete Composite Beams in a Natural Fire

In this paper, the bending resistance of three metal-concrete composite beams was compared in real car fires in an open car park. Steel and concrete composite beams are often used for the construction of ceilings in multi-storey car parks. The authors made an attempt to evaluate how the replacement of a non-alloy steel girder with a stainless steel or aluminium alloy girder affects the bending resistance of a composite beam under fire conditions. The analysed beams were not fire-protected. They consisted of a concrete slab and a girder made of: non-alloy (carbon) S235J2 (1.0117) steel, X6CrNiMoTi17- 12-2 (1.4571) stainless steel, and AW-6061 T6 (EN AW-Al Mg1SiCu) aluminium alloy

Bending resistance of metal-concrete composite beams under standard fire conditions

W artykule porównano nośności na zginanie trzech wybranych belek zespolonych metalowo-betonowych w warunkach pożaru standardowego. Analizowano niezabezpieczone przed ogniem belki zespolone złożone z betonowej płyty oraz dźwigara wykonanego ze: stali konstrukcyjnej niestopowej S235J2 (1.0117), stali nierdzewnej X6CrNiMoTi17–12–2 (1.4571) i stopu aluminium AW-6061 T6 (EN AW-Al Mg1SiCu).In this paper the bending resistance of three metal-concrete composite beams was compared under standard fire conditions. The analysed beams were not fire-protected. They consisted of a concrete slab and a girder made of: S235J2 (1.0117) steel, X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 (1.4571) stainless steel and AW-6061 T6 (EN AW-Al Mg1SiCu) aluminium alloy