The method of analysis of the financial condition of the commercial organization

In the article the method of analysis of the financial condition of the commercial organization. The theoretical material is reinforced by practical calculations. The authors emphasize that a permanent and systematic analysis of the financial condition allows the organization to remain competitive and increase its potential in business cooperation. Furthermore, on the basis of financial analysis results it can be concluded that the extent to which the economic interests are guaranteed organization and its business partners

The method of analysis of the financial condition of the commercial organization

In the article the method of analysis of the financial condition of the commercial organization. The theoretical material is reinforced by practical calculations. The authors emphasize that a permanent and systematic analysis of the financial condition allows the organization to remain competitive and increase its potential in business cooperation. Furthermore, on the basis of financial analysis results it can be concluded that the extent to which the economic interests are guaranteed organization and its business partners

The role of Ca2+ signalling in the physiology and pathophysiology of exocrine pancreas

The purpose of this paper is to describe recent advances in the studies of Ca2+ signalling and its physiological/pathophysiological roles in the cells of exocrine pancreas. The review is primarily focused on pancreatic acinar cells — this reflects the importance of this cell type for unravelling of Ca2+ signalling mechanisms and downstream functions. Valuable information on the functional relevance of Ca2+ signalling was also recently obtained in studies of pancreatic ductal cells and pancreatic stellate cells; progress in the studies of these cell types is also briefly summarised in this paper

Novel Lipophilic Probe for Detecting Near-Membrane Reactive Oxygen Species Responses and Its Application for Studies of Pancreatic Acinar Cells: Effects of Pyocyanin and L-Ornithine

Aims: The aim of this study was to develop a fluorescent reactive oxygen species (ROS) probe, which is preferentially localized in cellular membranes and displays a strong change in fluorescence upon oxidation. We also aimed to test the performance of this probe for detecting pathophysiologically relevant ROS responses in isolated cells. Results: We introduced a novel lipophilic ROS probe dihydrorhodamine B octadecyl ester (H2RB-C18). We then applied the new probe to characterize the ROS changes triggered by inducers of acute pancreatitis in pancreatic acinar cells. We resolved ROS changes produced by L-ornithine, L-arginine, cholecystokinin-8, acetylcholine, taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate, palmitoleic acid ethyl ester, and the bacterial toxin pyocyanin. Particularly prominent ROS responses were induced by pyocyanin and L-ornithine. These ROS responses were accompanied by changes in cytosolic Ca2+concentration ([Ca2+]i), mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ), and NAD(P)H concentration. Innovation: The study describes a novel sensitive lipophilic ROS probe. The probe is particularly suitable for detecting ROS in near-membrane regions and therefore for reporting the ROS environment of plasma membrane channels and pumps. Conclusions: In our experimental conditions, the novel probe was more sensitive than 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (CM-H2DCF) and dihydrorhodamine123 (H2R123) and allowed us to resolve ROS responses to secretagogues, pyocyanin, and L-ornithine. Changes in the fluorescence of the new probe were particularly prominent in the peripheral plasma membrane-associated regions. Our findings suggest that the new probe will be a useful tool in studies of the contribution of ROS to the pathophysiology of exocrine pancreas and other organs/tissues

Role of phosphoinositides in STIM1 dynamics and store-operated calcium entry

Ca2+ entry through store-operated Ca2+ channels involves the interaction at ER–PM (endoplasmic reticulum–plasma membrane) junctions of STIM (stromal interaction molecule) and Orai. STIM proteins are sensors of the luminal ER Ca2+ concentration and, following depletion of ER Ca2+, they oligomerize and translocate to ER–PM junctions where they form STIM puncta. Direct binding to Orai proteins activates their Ca2+ channel function. It has been suggested that an additional interaction of the C-terminal polybasic domain of STIM1 with PM phosphoinositides could contribute to STIM1 puncta formation prior to binding to Orai. In the present study, we investigated the role of phosphoinositides in the formation of STIM1 puncta and SOCE (store-operated Ca2+ entry) in response to store depletion. Treatment of HeLa cells with inhibitors of PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) and PI4K (phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase) (wortmannin and LY294002) partially inhibited formation of STIM1 puncta. Additional rapid depletion of PtdIns(4,5)P2 resulted in more substantial inhibition of the translocation of STIM1–EYFP (enhanced yellow fluorescent protein) into puncta. The inhibition was extensive at a concentration of LY294002 (50 μM) that should primarily inhibit PI3K, consistent with a major role for PtdIns(4,5)P2 and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 in puncta formation. Depletion of phosphoinositides also inhibited SOCE based on measurement of the rise in intracellular Ca2+ concentration after store depletion. Overexpression of Orai1 resulted in a recovery of translocation of STMI1 into puncta following phosphoinositide depletion and, under these conditions, SOCE was increased to above control levels. These observations support the idea that phosphoinositides are not essential but contribute to STIM1 accumulation at ER–PM junctions with a second translocation mechanism involving direct STIM1–Orai interactions

ON THE PROBLEM ОЕ INCREASING THE LRE TURBOPUMP TURBINE EEEICIENCY AND LIEE CYCLE WITH THE APPLICATION OP DOUBLE-SIDED RADIAL LABYRINTH SEALS OP CREST TYPE

It is proposed to consider the LRE turbopump turbine with double-sided labyrinth seals of in comparison with a common application of unilateral labyrinth seal of crest type in turbopump turbines developed by JSC “NPO Energo¬mash ”

Autophagy, Acute Pancreatitis and the Metamorphoses of a Trypsinogen-Activating Organelle

Recent studies have highlighted the importance of autophagy and particularly non-canonical autophagy in the development and progression of acute pancreatitis (a frequent disease with considerable morbidity and significant mortality). An important early event in the development of acute pancreatitis is the intrapancreatic activation of trypsinogen, (i.e., formation of trypsin) leading to the autodigestion of the organ. Another prominent phenomenon associated with the initiation of this disease is vacuolisation and specifically the formation of giant endocytic vacuoles in pancreatic acinar cells. These organelles develop in acinar cells exposed to several inducers of acute pancreatitis (including taurolithocholic acid and high concentrations of secretagogues cholecystokinin and acetylcholine). Notably, early trypsinogen activation occurs in the endocytic vacuoles. These trypsinogen-activating organelles undergo activation, long-distance trafficking, and non-canonical autophagy. In this review, we will discuss the role of autophagy in acute pancreatitis and particularly focus on the recently discovered LAP-like non-canonical autophagy (LNCA) of endocytic vacuoles