Exploration des avantages et des inconvénients du plurilinguisme chez les apprenants: propositions de pratiques en classe

Cette recherche porte sur le phénomène du plurilinguisme qui devient de plus en plus étudié dans le milieu académique. Elle examinera les avantages et les désavantages pour un apprenant qui est déjá ou bientôt plurilingue. L'Interférence linguistique et l'un des inconvénients plus visibles, donc ce projet essaiera de proposer un autre point de vue afin d'augmenter l'intérêt envers l'apprentissage plurilingue et intercultural enseigné en classe. Mon projet est de découvrir le phénomène du plurilinguisme et ses bénéfices qui peuvent être appréhendés sur plusiers niveaux. Je vais réaliser ce projet au fond de mon propre intérêt personnel car je me considère comme plurilingue et je tiendrai également à connaitre plus de détails en menant une expérience empirique dand un des groupes de mes superviseurs pour collectioner plus des donnés et de témoignages des autres plurilingues. Le plurilinguisme et ses différents aspects seront étudiés plutôt au niveau individuel por le développement personel des apprenants. J'imagine une évolution de l'approche plurilingue, et de l'apprentissage plurilingue, cependant je développerai aussi les inconvénients du plurilinguisme. La méthodologie de réalisation de ce projet se concentre principalment sur la lecture des avantages et des inconvénients du plurilinguisme étudiés par d'autres chercheurs, et puis des propositions d'activités plurilingues. Ma recherche a un visée profissionnelle avec une intention de proposer un dépliant académique adressé aux enseignants qui veulent organisers des cours ou des ateleiers plurilingues dont les bénéfices iront à deux parties: enseignants et apprenants qui s'intéressent et veulent intégrer l'apprentissage plurilingue dans leurs classes. On espère que les résultats seront utiles pour les cheurcheurs, pour des formateus et des enseignats, ainsi que pour tous les acteurs de la formation professionnelle.This research focuses on the phenomenon of plurilingualism, which is receiving increasing attention in the academic world. The study examines the advantages and disadvantages experienced by learners who are already plurilingual or will soon become plurilingual. Linguistic interference is identified as one of the prominent disadvantages, prompting this project to propose an alternative perspective to foster interest in plurilingual and intercultural learning within classroom. My initial project is to explore the phenomenon of plurilingualisn and its multifaceted benefits. I am, the rersearcher, personally motivated to carry out this projet as I consider myself plurilingual and I also want to delve deeper into this topic. An empirical experiment will be conducted within one of the supervisor's groups to gather aditional data and testemonies from other pluringual individuals. The study primarily focuses on the individual level of plurilingualism and its relevance to personal development among learners. While envisioning an evolution in the plurilingual approach and plurilingual learning/teaching, I will also acknowledge and present the disadvantages associated with plurilingualism. The methodology employed in this project involves an extensive review of existing research on the advantages and disadvantages of plurilingualism, suppplemented by suggestions for plurilingual activities. The research is aimed at producing an academic brochure for teachers interested in organizing plurilingual courses and workshops. The anticipated benefits of such initiatives extend to both teachers and learners, facilitating the integration of plurilingual learning in classrooms. The findings of this research are expected to be valuable for researchers, trainers, teachers, and all stakeholders involved in vocational training

Shift of N-MYC Oncogene Expression in AML Patients Carrying the FLT3-ITD Mutation

Mutations in the FLT3 gene not only lead to abnormalities in its structure and function, but also affect the expression of other genes involved in leukemogenesis. This study evaluated the expression of genes that are more characteristic of neuroblastoma but less studied in leukemia. N-MYC oncogene expression was found to be more than 3-fold higher in primary AML patients carrying the FLT3-ITD mutation compared to carriers of other mutations as well as patients with normal karyotype (p = 0.03946). In contrast to the expression of several genes (C-MYC, SPT16, AURKA, AURKB) directly correlated to the allelic load of FLT3-ITD, the expression of the N-MYC oncogene is extremely weakly related or independent of it (p = 0.0405). Monitoring of N-MYC expression in some patients with high FLT3-ITD allelic load receiving therapy showed that a decrease in FLT3-ITD allelic load is not always accompanied by a decrease in N-MYC expression. On the contrary, N-MYC expression may remain elevated during the first three months after therapy, which is additional evidence of the emergence of resistance to therapy and progression of AML

Application of the antibiotic batumin for accurate and rapid identification of staphylococcal small colony variants

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Staphylococcus aureus</it> is a major human pathogen causing significant morbidity and mortality. The <it>S. aureus</it> colonies in osteomyelitis, in patients with cystic fibrosis and patients with endoprosthesis rejection frequently have an atypical morphology, i.e. staphylococcal small-colony variants, which form a naturally occurring subpopulation of clinically important staphylococci. Identification of these small colony variants is difficult, because of the loss of typical phenotypic characteristics of these variants.</p> <p>We wanted to improve and simplify the diagnosis of staphylococcal infection using a diagnostic preparation, consisting of 5 μg batumin paper disks. Batumin possesses a unique selective activity against all studied <it>Staphylococcus</it> spp., whereas all other species tested thus far are batumin resistant. We assessed the efficacy of the batumin diagnostic preparation to identify staphylococcal small colony variants, isolated from osteomyelitis patients.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>With the batumin diagnostic preparation, all 30 tested staphylococcal small-colony variants had a growth inhibition zone around the disk of minimum 25 mm, accordant with the inhibition zones of the parent strains, isolated from the same patients.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The batumin diagnostic preparation correctly identified the small-colony variants of <it>S. aureus</it>, <it>S. haemolyticus</it> and <it>S. epidermidis</it> as belonging to the genus <it>Staphylococcus</it>, which differ profoundly from parental strains and are difficult to identify with standard methods. Identification of staphylococcal small-colony variants with the batumin diagnostic preparation is technically simple and can facilitate practical laboratory work.</p