Noncommutative Uncertainty Principles

The classical uncertainty principles deal with functions on abelian groups. In this paper, we discuss the uncertainty principles for finite index subfactors which include the cases for finite groups and finite dimensional Kac algebras. We prove the Hausdorff-Young inequality, Young's inequality, the Hirschman-Beckner uncertainty principle, the Donoho-Stark uncertainty principle. We characterize the minimizers of the uncertainty principles. We also prove that the minimizer is uniquely determined by the supports of itself and its Fourier transform. The proofs take the advantage of the analytic and the categorial perspectives of subfactor planar algebras. Our method to prove the uncertainty principles also works for more general cases, such as Popa's $\lambda$-lattices, modular tensor categories etc.Comment: 41 pages, 71 figure

Rough sets approach to symbolic value partition

AbstractIn data mining, searching for simple representations of knowledge is a very important issue. Attribute reduction, continuous attribute discretization and symbolic value partition are three preprocessing techniques which are used in this regard. This paper investigates the symbolic value partition technique, which divides each attribute domain of a data table into a family for disjoint subsets, and constructs a new data table with fewer attributes and smaller attribute domains. Specifically, we investigates the optimal symbolic value partition (OSVP) problem of supervised data, where the optimal metric is defined by the cardinality sum of new attribute domains. We propose the concept of partition reducts for this problem. An optimal partition reduct is the solution to the OSVP-problem. We develop a greedy algorithm to search for a suboptimal partition reduct, and analyze major properties of the proposed algorithm. Empirical studies on various datasets from the UCI library show that our algorithm effectively reduces the size of attribute domains. Furthermore, it assists in computing smaller rule sets with better coverage compared with the attribute reduction approach

Laser-Matter Interaction in the Bulk of Semiconductor and Dielectric

The research in the field of laser-induced materials processing is evolving continuously with new inventions in laser technology. This chapter mainly discusses the relevant physical mechanisms of laser ablation based on laser-matter interaction. Femtosecond laser excitation provides suitable conditions for studying the basic processes in irradiated materials, as compared to the duration of these processes, femtosecond laser pulses are sufficiently short. In the process of laser action on the matter, the thermal mechanism, charge carrier removal, thermal and structural effects, and other processes are extremely complex. The ultrashort laser pulse instantly puts the material in a strong nonequilibrium state characterized by hot electrons and cold ions. After the pulse ends, the electron transfers its energy to the ion through electron phonon coupling in sub-picoseconds. This heats up the phonon bath before the slow thermal effect can reconstruct the material. The electron effect plays an important and possibly dominant role in the laser ablation of nonmetallic solid surfaces. This review first describes the mechanism of laser-matter interaction from the perspective of energy, summarizes the electronic excitation and energy relaxation paths of light on semiconductors and dielectric materials, focuses on the electronic excitation and relaxation mechanisms in laser-induced ionization, desorption, and ablation, and finally analyzes the above-mentioned related processes from the perspective of material structure relaxation

Identification of Hydrolyzable Tannins (Punicalagin, Punicalin and Geraniin) as Novel inhibitors of Hepatitis B Virus Covalently Closed Circular DNA

The development of new agents to target HBV cccDNA is urgently needed because of the limitations of current available drugs for treatment of hepatitis B. By using a cell-based assay in which the production of HBeAg is in a cccDNA-dependent manner, we screened a compound library derived from Chinese herbal remedies for inhibitors against HBV cccDNA. Three hydrolyzable tannins, specifically punicalagin, punicalin and geraniin, emerged as novel anti-HBV agents. These compounds significantly reduced the production of secreted HBeAg and cccDNA in a dose-dependent manner in our assay, without dramatic alteration of viral DNA replication. Furthermore, punicalagin did not affect precore/core promoter activity, pgRNA transcription, core protein expression, or HBsAg secretion. By employing the cell-based cccDNA accumulation and stability assay, we found that these tannins significantly inhibited the establishment of cccDNA and modestly facilitated the degradation of preexisting cccDNA. Collectively, our results suggest that hydrolyzable tannins inhibit HBV cccDNA production via a dual mechanism through preventing the formation of cccDNA and promoting cccDNA decay, although the latter effect is rather minor. These hydrolyzable tannins may serve as lead compounds for the development of new agents to cure HBV infection

Bone-targeted polymeric nanoparticles as alendronate carriers for potential osteoporosis treatment

Bone-targeted polymeric nanoparticles for alendronate delivery based on Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) conjugated chitosan (CS-PLGA) and alendronate conjugated PLGA (Alen-PLGA) are fabricated and their superior performances are evaluated. The nanoparticles exhibited sustained Alen release without obvious burst release and good cytocompatibility against MC3T3 cells. Alen-modified nanoparticles demonstrated a high affinity to hydroxyapatite, which is the main mineral component of bone, indicating their feasibility for bone-targeted delivery. In addition, unlike nanoparticles without Alen, Alen-modified nanoparticles were preferentially taken up by MC3T3 cells, compared to HDF cells, revealing their specific uptake for osteoblast-like cells. Thus, the Alen-modified nanoparticles can potentially be developed as bone-targeted carriers for osteoporosis treatment

Evidence of Kitaev interaction in the monolayer 1T-CrTe2_2

The two-dimensional 1T-CrTe$_2$ has been an attractive room-temperature van der Waals magnet which has a potential application in spintronic devices. Although it was recognized as a ferromagnetism in the past, the monolayer 1T-CrTe$_2$ was recently found to exhibit zigzag antiferromagnetism with the easy axis oriented at $70^\circ$ to the perpendicular direction of the plane. Therefore, the origin of the intricate anisotropic magnetic behavior therein is well worthy of thorough exploration. Here, by applying density functional theory with spin spiral method, we demonstrate that the Kitaev interaction, together with the single-ion anisotropy and other off-diagonal exchanges, is amenable to explain the magnetic orientation in the metallic 1T-CrTe$_2$. Moreover, the Ruderman-Kittle-Kasuya-Yosida interaction can also be extracted from the dispersion calculations, which explains the metallic behavior of 1T-CrTe$_2$. Our results demonstrate that 1T-CrTe$_2$ is potentially a rare metallic Kitaev material

Higher-order Topological and Nodal Superconductors MS (M = Nb and Ta) Transition-metal Sulfides

Intrinsic topological superconducting materials are exotic and vital to develop the next-generation topological superconducting devices, topological quantum calculations, and quantum information technologies. Here, we predict the topological and nodal superconductivity of MS (M = Nb and Ta) transition-metal sulfides by using the density functional theory for superconductors combining with the symmetry indicators. We reveal their higher-order topology nature with an index of Z4 = 2. These materials have a higher Tc than the Nb or Ta metal superconductors due to their flat-band and strong electron-phonon coupling nature. Electron doping and lighter isotopes can effectively enhance the Tc. Our findings show that the MS (M = Nb and Ta) systems can be new platforms to study exotic physics in the higher-order topological superconductors, and provide a theoretical support to utilize them as the topological superconducting devices in the field of advanced topological quantum calculations and information technologies.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Identification and Function Prediction of Novel MicroRNAs in Laoshan Dairy Goats

MicroRNAs are a class of endogenous small RNAs that play important roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation by directing degradation of mRNAs or facilitating repression of target gene translation. In this study, three small RNA cDNA libraries from the mammary gland tissues of Laoshan dairy goats (Capra hircus) were constructed and sequenced, individually. Through Solexa high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, we obtained 50 presumptive novel miRNAs candidates, and 55,448 putative target genes were predicted. GO annotations and KEGG pathway analyses showed the majority of target genes were involved in various biological processes and metabolic pathways. Our results discovered more information about the regulation network between miRNAs and mRNAs and paved a foundation for the molecular genetics of mammary gland development in goats

Diversity and correlation analysis of different root exudates on the regulation of microbial structure and function in soil planted with Panax notoginseng

IntroductionSpecific interactions between root exudates and soil microorganisms has been proposed as one of the reasons accounting for the continuous cropping obstacle (CCO) of Panax notoginseng. However, rotation of other crops on soils planted with P. notoginseng (SPP) did not show CCO, suggesting that root exudates of different crops differentially regulate soil microorganisms in SPP.MethodsHere, we investigated the microbial community structure and specific interaction mechanisms of the root exudates of the four plant species, P. notoginseng (Pn), Zea mays (Zm), Nicotiana tabacum (Nt) and Perilla frutescens (Pf), in SPP by static soil culture experiment.ResultsThe results showed that the chemical diversity of root exudates varied significantly among the four plant species. Pn had the highest number of unique root exudates, followed by Nt, Zm and Pf. Terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids and phenolic acids were the most abundant differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in Pn, Nt, Zm and Pf, respectively. However, lipids were the most abundant common DAMs among Zm Nt and Pf. Pn root exudates decreased the relative abundance of bacteria, but increased that of fungi. While specific DAMs in Pn enriched Phenylobacterium_zucineum, Sphingobium_yanoikuyae, Ophiostoma_ulmi and functional pathways of Nucleotide excision repair, Streptomycin biosynthesis, Cell cycle-Caulobacter and Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis, it inhibited Paraburkholderia _caledonica and Ralstonia_pickettii. However, common DAMs in Zm, Nt and Pf had opposite effects. Moreover, common DAMs in Zm, Nt and Pf enriched Ralstonia_pseudosolanacearum and functional pathway of Xylene degradation; unique DAMs in Zm enriched Talaromyces_purcureogeneus, while inhibiting Fusarium_tricinctum and functional pathways of Nucleotide excision repair and Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism; unique DAMs in Pf enriched Synchytrium_taraxaci.DiscussionThe core strains identified that interact with different root exudates will provide key clues for regulation of soil microorganisms in P. notoginseng cultivation to alleviate CCO