206 research outputs found
DeepEMD: Differentiable Earth Mover's Distance for Few-Shot Learning
Deep learning has proved to be very effective in learning with a large amount
of labelled data. Few-shot learning in contrast attempts to learn with only a
few labelled data. In this work, we develop methods for few-shot image
classification from a new perspective of optimal matching between image
regions. We employ the Earth Mover's Distance (EMD) as a metric to compute a
structural distance between dense image representations to determine image
relevance. The EMD generates the optimal matching flows between structural
elements that have the minimum matching cost, which is used to calculate the
image distance for classification. To generate the important weights of
elements in the EMD formulation, we design a cross-reference mechanism, which
can effectively alleviate the adverse impact caused by the cluttered background
and large intra-class appearance variations. To handle -shot classification,
we propose to learn a structured fully connected layer that can directly
classify dense image representations with the proposed EMD. Based on the
implicit function theorem, the EMD can be inserted as a layer into the network
for end-to-end training. Our extensive experiments validate the effectiveness
of our algorithm which outperforms state-of-the-art methods by a significant
margin on four widely used few-shot classification benchmarks, namely,
miniImageNet, tieredImageNet, Fewshot-CIFAR100 (FC100) and Caltech-UCSD
Birds-200-2011 (CUB).Comment: Extended version of DeepEMD in CVPR2020 (oral
Reduction of graphene oxide by an in-situ photoelectrochemical method in a dye-sensitized solar cell assembly
Reduction of graphene oxide [GO] has been achieved by an in-situ photoelectrochemical method in a dye-sensitized solar cell [DSSC] assembly, in which the semiconductor behavior of the reduced graphene oxide [RGO] is controllable. GO and RGO were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscope, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. It was found that the GO film, which assembled in the DSSC assembly as the counter electrode, was partly reduced. An optimized photoelectrochemical assembly is promising for modulating the reduction degree of RGO and controlling the band structure of the resulting RGO. Moreover, this method appeared to be a green progress for the production of RGO electrodes
LBS: Loss-aware Bit Sharing for Automatic Model Compression
Low-bitwidth model compression is an effective method to reduce the model
size and computational overhead. Existing compression methods rely on some
compression configurations (such as pruning rates, and/or bitwidths), which are
often determined manually and not optimal. Some attempts have been made to
search them automatically, but the optimization process is often very
expensive. To alleviate this, we devise a simple yet effective method named
Loss-aware Bit Sharing (LBS) to automatically search for optimal model
compression configurations. To this end, we propose a novel single-path model
to encode all candidate compression configurations, where a high bitwidth
quantized value can be decomposed into the sum of the lowest bitwidth quantized
value and a series of re-assignment offsets. We then introduce learnable binary
gates to encode the choice of bitwidth, including filter-wise 0-bit for filter
pruning. By jointly training the binary gates in conjunction with network
parameters, the compression configurations of each layer can be automatically
determined. Extensive experiments on both CIFAR-100 and ImageNet show that LBS
is able to significantly reduce computational cost while preserving promising
performance.Comment: 22 page
Clinicopathological significance of non-small cell lung cancer with high prevalence of Oct-4 tumor cells
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Expression of the stem cell marker octamer 4 (Oct-4) in various neoplasms has been previously reported, but very little is currently known about the potential function of Oct-4 in this setting. The purpose of this study was to assess the prognostic value of Oct-4 expression after surgery in primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and investigate its possible molecular mechanism.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We measured Oct-4 expression in 113 NSCLC tissue samples and three cell lines by immunohistochemical staining and RT-PCR. The association of Oct-4 expression with demographic characteristics, proliferative marker Ki67, microvessel density (MVD), and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were assessed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Oct-4 expression was detected in 90.3% of samples and was positively correlated with poor differentiation and adenocarcinoma histology, and Oct-4 mRNA was found in each cell lines detected. Overexpression of Oct-4 had a strong association with cells proliferation in all cases, MVD-negative, and VEGF-negative subsets. A Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that overexpression of Oct-4 was associated with shorter overall survival in all cases, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, MVD-negative, and VEGF-negative subsets. A multivariate analysis demonstrated that Oct-4 level in tumor tissue was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in all cases, MVD-negative, and VEGF-negative subsets.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our findings suggest that, even in the context of vulnerable MVD status and VEGF expression, overexpression of Oct-4 in tumor tissue represents a prognostic factor in primary NSCLC patients. Oct-4 may maintain NSCLC cells in a poorly differentiated state through a mechanism that depends on promoting cell proliferation.</p
Zolly: Zoom Focal Length Correctly for Perspective-Distorted Human Mesh Reconstruction
As it is hard to calibrate single-view RGB images in the wild, existing 3D
human mesh reconstruction (3DHMR) methods either use a constant large focal
length or estimate one based on the background environment context, which can
not tackle the problem of the torso, limb, hand or face distortion caused by
perspective camera projection when the camera is close to the human body. The
naive focal length assumptions can harm this task with the incorrectly
formulated projection matrices. To solve this, we propose Zolly, the first
3DHMR method focusing on perspective-distorted images. Our approach begins with
analysing the reason for perspective distortion, which we find is mainly caused
by the relative location of the human body to the camera center. We propose a
new camera model and a novel 2D representation, termed distortion image, which
describes the 2D dense distortion scale of the human body. We then estimate the
distance from distortion scale features rather than environment context
features. Afterwards, we integrate the distortion feature with image features
to reconstruct the body mesh. To formulate the correct projection matrix and
locate the human body position, we simultaneously use perspective and
weak-perspective projection loss. Since existing datasets could not handle this
task, we propose the first synthetic dataset PDHuman and extend two real-world
datasets tailored for this task, all containing perspective-distorted human
images. Extensive experiments show that Zolly outperforms existing
state-of-the-art methods on both perspective-distorted datasets and the
standard benchmark (3DPW)
Different patterns of NF-κB and Notch1 signaling contribute to tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Lymph node involvement and tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis appear as the earliest features of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), although the molecular regulatory mechanisms involved have remained unclear. Our aim was to investigate the contribution of NF-κB and Notch1 signaling to lymph node involvement and tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis in ESCC.</p> <p>Material and methods</p> <p>NF-κB and Notch1 expression in 60 tissue samples of ESCC were assessed by immunohistochemical staining. The correlations of NF-κB and Notch1 with lymph node involvement, lymphatic vessel density (LVD), podoplanin, and vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) were further evaluated to determine the association of NF-κB and Notch1 expression with tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Chi-square tests revealed that NF-κB and Notch1 expression in ESCC tissues were significant associated with lymph node metastasis, LVD, podoplanin, and VEGF-C expression. Strong expression of NF-κB, but weak expression of Notch1, was observed in tumor tissues with lymph nodes involvement (<it>P </it>< 0.05 for both). The mean histoscores of LVD, podoplanin, and VEGF-C staining were higher in high-NF-κB-expressing tissue than in low-expressing tissue (<it>P </it>< 0.05 for each). In contrast, the mean histoscores of LVD and VEGF-C staining were lower in high-Notch1-expressing tissue than in low-expressing tissue (<it>P </it>< 0.05 for both). A multiple factors analysis of LVD and VEGF-C further demonstrated that LVD and VEGF-C status were significantly correlated with NF-κB and Notch1 expression in tumors. NF-κB and Notch1 expression were also significantly inversely correlated (<it>P </it>< 0.05).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These results suggest that different patterns of NF-κB and Notch1 signaling contribute to lymph nodes metastasis and tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis of ESCC, and reveal that up-regulation of NF-κB is associated with down-regulation of Notch1 in tumor tissue.</p
Protecting and Restraining the Third Party in RFID-Enabled 3PL Supply Chains
A*Star SERC in Singapor
Primary cardiac osteosarcoma in a 42-year-old woman
We describe here a 42-year-old woman who was admitted to hospital with a pedunculated mass in her left atrium. She was diagnosed with a primary cardiac osteosarcoma with special immunohistochemical characteristics. Echocardiography and computed tomography can be used to differentiate cardiac osteosarcomas from routine intracardiac tumors. The patient was treated by surgical removal of the mass. Two years later, she has shown no evidence of disease recurrence. We discuss primary osteosarcomas in the cardiac cavity and their management
The Location Privacy Preserving of Social Network Based on RCCAM Access Control
Location-based services in social networks provide much convenience for people but bring much risk of location privacy disclosure. Aiming at this problem, a location privacy preservation algorithm based on RCCAM access control model is proposed to assign the accessing users of the access permission and the visibility level of location information through the combination of conflict resolution strategy, permission allocation strategy and location generalization strategy. RCCAM is a relationship-based multi-users cooperation access control model, which takes the same shared contents that may involves the privacy profits of multi-users into consideration. The core of the algorithm is the value of open tendency which depends on the location sensitivity and the intimacy between the users. The conflict resolution strategy adopts the value of open tendency to vote for concessions. The permission allocation strategy and location generalization strategy to obtain the specific access permission and the location visibility level for accessing users according to the value of open tendency. The algorithm can achieve fine-grained control of location publishing of the shared content which involves stakeholder's privacy profit and maintain the sharing will of promulgator as possible
- …