Population response of intestinal microbiota to acute Vibrio alginolyticus infection in half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis)

IntroductionVibriosis causes enormous economic losses of marine fish. The present study investigated the intestinal microbial response to acute infection of half-smooth tongue sole with different-dose Vibrio alginolyticus within 72 h by metagenomic sequencing.MethodsThe inoculation amount of V. alginolyticus for the control, low-dose, moderate-dose, and high-dose groups were 0, 8.5 × 101, 8.5 × 104, and 8.5 × 107 cells/g respectively, the infected fish were farmed in an automatic seawater circulation system under a relatively stable temperature, dissolved oxygen and photoperiod, and 3 ~ 6 intestinal samples per group with high-quality DNA assay were used for metagenomics analysis.ResultsThe acute infections with V. alginolyticus at high, medium, and low doses caused the change of different-type leukocytes at 24 h, whereas the joint action of monocytes and neutrophils to cope with the pathogen infection only occurred in the high-dose group at 72 h. The metagenomic results suggest that a high-dose V. alginolyticus infection can significantly alter the intestinal microbiota, decrease the microbial α-diversity, and increase the bacteria from Vibrio and Shewanella, including various potential pathogens at 24 h. High-abundance species of potential pathogens such as V. harveyii, V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae, V. vulnificus, and V. scophthalmi exhibited significant positive correlations with V. alginolyticus. The function analysis revealed that the high-dose inflection group could increase the genes closely related to pathogen infection, involved in cell motility, cell wall/ membrane/envelope biogenesis, material transport and metabolism, and the pathways of quorum sensing, biofilm formation, flagellar assembly, bacterial chemotaxis, virulence factors and antibiotic resistances mainly from Vibrios within 72 h.DiscussionIt indicates that the half-smooth tongue sole is highly likely to be a secondary infection with intestinal potential pathogens, especially species from Vibrio and that the disease could become even more complicated because of the accumulation and transfer of antibiotic-resistance genes in intestinal bacteria during the process of V. alginolyticus intensified infection

Buckling Instability of Flexible Joint under High Pressure in Solid Rocket Motor

Deflection torque decrease of flexible joint under increasing pressure was normally attributed to the changing shear stress and has not been carefully resolved, which was far from convincing. To systematically investigate the mechanism, the structure characteristics of the flexible joint were analysed under different pressures. It was found that the decrease in deflection torque of the flexible joint was mainly due to the buckling response when it bears the deflection and pressure at the same time. The Riks method was utilized in this paper with the simulation of the buckling process of the flexible joint by ABAQUS. The static Riks method and general method were applied, respectively, to simulate the different pressurization processes at different pre-angles to obtain the rules of swing angle changing with pressure. The spring torque under various pressures was obtained and had a good coherence with the test results. For industrial applications, the concept of container pressure torque and its formula were proposed in this study, which was demonstrated to be of high accuracy. The simulation method and conclusions in this paper will definitely provide the beneficial reference to the design of the flexible joint in high-pressure working environment

Nanostructuring of biomaterials and reducing implant related infections via incorporation of silver and copper as antimicrobial elements: An Overview

Materials Technology379867-87

Multi-tier sustainable supply chains management for global sustainability

The growing concerns around sustainability along the supply chains are global. The complexity of supply chain sustainability becomes even more pronounced across the multiple tiers of organisations and networks and has imposed heavy pressures on organisations. Dealing with these pressures on society and the environment requires supply chains to lessen their socio-environmental impact. Multi-tier sustainable supply chains are a vehicle to aid in this important global goal. However, addressing these issues and concerns in the production processes and consumption of businesses and organisations is still in its early stages. In light of this, this Special Issue published in the International Journal of Production Research advances this important research agenda. Seventeen articles which were accepted for this Special Issue employed various methodologies/methods, theories, and contexts to respond to the need for research and provided valuable insights that address some of the pressing multi-tier supply chain sustainability problems. This Editorial provides an overview of these works, highlighting opportunities for future search directions

The Isolation and Full-Length Transcriptome Sequencing of a Novel Nidovirus and Response of Its Infection in Japanese Flounder (<i>Paralichthys olivaceus</i>)

A novel nidovirus, CSBV Bces-Po19, was isolated from the marine fish, Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). The viral genome was 26,597 nucleotides long and shared 98.62% nucleotide identity with CSBV WHQSR4345. PacBio Sequel and Illumina sequencing were used to perform full-length transcriptome sequencing on CSBV Bces-Po19-sensitive (S) and -resistant (R) Japanese flounder. The results of negative staining revealed bacilliform and spherical virions. There were in total 1444 different genes between CSBV Bces-Po19 S and R groups, with 935 being up-regulated and 513 being down-regulated. Metabolism-, immune-, and RNA-related pathways were significantly enriched. Furthermore, CSBV Bces-Po19 infection induced alternative splicing (AS) events in Japanese flounder; the S group had a higher numbers of AS events (12,352) than the R group (11,452). The number of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in the S group, on the other hand, was significantly lower than in the R group. In addition to providing valuable information that sheds more light on CSBV Bces-Po19 infection, these research findings provide further clues for CSBV Bces-Po19 prevention and treatment