Different moment-angle manifolds arising from two polytopes having the same bigraded Betti numbers

Two simple polytopes of dimension 3 having the identical bigraded Betti numbers but non-isomorphic Tor-algebras are presented. These polytopes provide two homotopically different moment-angle manifolds having the same bigraded Betti numbers. These two simple polytopes are the first examples of polytopes that are (toric) cohomologically rigid but not combinatorially rigid.Comment: 9 page, 2 figures, 2 table

Composers Today: George Crumb

  &nbsp

Beginnings of Geodesign: a personal historical perspective

Geodesign is conceived as an iterative design method that uses stakeholder input, geospatial modeling, impact simulations, and real-time feedback to facilitate holistic designs and smart decisions. This paper aims to lay bare the beginnings of geodesign as such from 1965 onwards. It offers a personal historical perspective of Carl Steinitz, one of the protagonists in the field of geodesign. The paper describes some important milestones and influential people in a joint effort to bridge geo-information technology, spatial design and planning. It showcases the ongoing effort to employ the potential power of using GIS to link different model types and ways of designing to make better plans

Destabilizing Domesticity: The Construction and Collective Memory of Jewish-American Womanhood from 1900 to 1950

Using cookbooks, newspaper articles about consumer protests, and children’s historical fiction books, this project explores the construction and collective memory of Jewish-American womanhood in the first half of the Twentieth century through a lens of food. Jewish-American women had intersectional identities and lived lives that contained a complexity of actions that could be both private and domestic and public and gender norm nonconforming. However, Jewish-American children’s historical fiction fails to encompass this complexity or accurately teach the women’s stories to the next generation by placing female characters into a binary of public or private

Internationalized Pro Bono and a New Global Role for Lawyers in the 21st Century: Lessons from Nation-Building in Southern Sudan

From 2004 to 2006, the author led the pro bono representation of the Sudan People\u27s Liberation Movement ( SPLM ), assisting the SPLM in drafting and negotiating the National Interim Constitution of Sudan, the Interim Constitution of Southern Sudan, and the Constitutions of two transitional states. The representation was part of an emerging trend in pro bono representations. In small but increasing numbers, private law firms have begun to take on pro bono projects with global significance - assisting governments and civil society in post-conflict countries to deal on an even footing with foreign investors, for instance, or working with international criminal courts to prepare indictments of war criminals. This development within the legal community is connected to changes in the scope and ambition of the corporate responsibility initiatives of many of the multinational corporate clients of firms leading the internationalization of pro bono services. The entry of law firms and multinational corporations into the \u27market\u27 of global affairs - long the exclusive domain of governments and inter-governmental organizations - offers many advantages to clients in developing and post-conflict countries, but also poses dangers which can and should be mitigated. One of the foremost benefits private law firms offer a unique ability to ensure - even to guarantee - local ownership of the process and its content, due to the strict requirements of the attorney-client relationship. These include attorneys\u27 obligations to follow the directives of their clients, to keep the confidences of the clients, and to act independently of any third party. Unlike other players in the field of international aid (such as foreign donor governments, intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and private foundations), private lawyers providing pro bono services do not receive donations, do not have mandates other than those dictated by the client within the bounds of ethical regulations, and are not accountable to real or imagined constituencies other than the client. Yet the enforceability of the ethical code that gives rise to those advantages is questionable in a transnational representation. A lack of regulation raises questions about legitimacy and accountability, and may suggest the specter of legal imperialism. A practical approach to mitigating those disadvantages can be gleaned from the novel work of an increasing number of scholars writing within the Global Administrative Law (GAL) paradigm. GAL scholars have analyzed the myriad ways in which disparate national administrative standards have been synchronized, though not necessarily harmonized, in various contexts (such as environmental concerns and accounting standards). A key concept in GAL scholarship is that of transnational networks - patterns of regular and purposive relations (and institutions) among like regulatory bodies working across borders and demarcating the domestic from the international. This Article will draw on this and other concepts and principles of GAL scholarship in proposing ways to bring accountability to transnational pro bono activities (indeed to transnational lawyering in general) that respect the domestically selfregulated legal profession and which cannot (and should not) be harmonized across jurisdictions. Rather, the article suggests that regulation of global pro bono service should graduate from accidental distributed administration to deliberate transnational network administration. Without some attention paid to the way law firms operate in this arena, there is a risk that the ethical obligations of attorneys will become little more than a cover for advancing Western corporate interests

Whose Claim Is This Anyway? Third-Party Litigation Funding

Minnesota Law Review, Vol. 95, No. 4, 2011 U Iowa Legal Studies Research Paper No. 11-3

The Relationship Between Alcoholism, Cirrhosis, and the Progression of Peptic Ulcer Disease

The relationship between alcohol and peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is acknowledged, although not entirely understood. For decades, the understanding of this relationship has primarily pertained to alcohol’s ability to serve as an irritant to the gastric mucosa. However, recent research suggests alcohol’s potential for impact on PUD is far greater than surface-level erosion. Rather, it has recently become evident that liver cirrhosis secondary to alcohol use can result in increased risk for peptic ulcer bleeding (PUB), long-term recurrence of peptic ulcers, risk of peptic ulcer rebleeding, bleedingdue to coagulopathies and thrombocytopenia, increased likelihood of infection, and complications in the repair of perforated ulcers