The evaluation of pilots performance and mental workload by eye movement

Pilots make important decisions often using ambiguous information, while under stresses and with very little time. During flight operations detecting the warning light of system failure is a task with real-world application relates to measurement of pilot's performance and eye movement. The demand for a pilot’s visual and situational awareness in multiple tasks can be detrimental during pilots’ mental overload conditions. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the relationship between pilot’s mental workload and operational performance by eye tracking. Collecting eye movement data during flight operations in a virtual reality of flight simulator provided useful information to analysis participants’ cognitive processes. There were 36 pilots participated in this research, the experience of flight hours between 320 and 2,920, the range of age between 26 and 51 years old. The apparatus included Applied Science Laboratories (ASL) eye tracking, IDF flight simulator and NASA_TLX for data collection. The results show that pilots with high SA detecting hydraulic malfunction have shorter total fixation duration on Air Speed Indicator and longer total fixation duration on Altitude Indicator, Vertical Speed Indicator, Right multi-display and Left multi-display compared with pilots without detecting the signal of hydraulic malfunction. Pilots’ total fixation time on Integration Control Panel, Altitude Indicator, Attitude Indicator and Right Multi-display, and pilots’ subjective rating on NASA-TLX effort dimension for the mission of close pattern have significant relationship with pilots’ performance on the operational time for completing the tactic mission. Experienced pilots operate aircraft familiar with monitoring Airspeed Indicator and kinetic maneuvering result in less fuel consumption. This study could provide guidelines for future training design to reduce pilots mental workload and improve situational awareness for enhancing flight safety

The Relationships among Trust, E-Satisfaction, E-Loyalty, and Customer Online Behaviors

Online shopping behaviors, different from traditional shopping behaviors, are related to information system and characterized with uncertainty, anonymity and potential opportunism. This paper is to conceptualize and analyze customer online behaviors, trust, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). 1258 valid questionnaires are gathered from online customers having e-shopping experiences in Taiwan. Using structural equation modeling, the empirical results indicated that perceived use of use, perceived usefulness, and trust has the significant effects to facilitate customer satisfaction and customer loyalty, and further, effects customer’s intentions and behaviors toward online purchasing

Shape restricted regression with random Bernstein polynomials

Shape restricted regressions, including isotonic regression and concave regression as special cases, are studied using priors on Bernstein polynomials and Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. These priors have large supports, select only smooth functions, can easily incorporate geometric information into the prior, and can be generated without computational difficulty. Algorithms generating priors and posteriors are proposed, and simulation studies are conducted to illustrate the performance of this approach. Comparisons with the density-regression method of Dette et al. (2006) are included.Comment: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/074921707000000157 in the IMS Lecture Notes Monograph Series (http://www.imstat.org/publications/lecnotes.htm) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org

Concrete with nanomaterials and fibers for self-monitoring of strain and cracking subjected to flexure

The nano-carbon black (NCB) and conductive fibers were added as multiple conductive materials to produce the electric conductive and ductile concrete. The effect of the NCB, CF and SF on the workability of fresh concrete was analyzed, the relationships between the FCR and the strain of initial geometrical neutral axis (IGNA) were established, and the self-sensing ability to the load-deflection process and cracking behavior of triphasic conductive concrete beam subjected to bending were investigated. The relationship between the fractional change in surface resistance (FCR) and the crack opening displacement (COD) of conductive concrete beams has been established. The results showed that the relationship between the FCR and the IGNA strain can be described by the First Order Exponential Decay function, and the slope of this function can reflect the sensitivity of the conductive concrete. A linearly correlation between FCR and COD was observed.(undefined)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Twist Tetrahedral-Tilting Structure Built from Photoluminescent Cadmium Chalcogenide Clusters

The newly synthesized cadmium chalcogenide ternary cluster is composed by six [S3Se]2− tetrahedron units, coordinated with six Cd2+ cations. The potential cavity, calculated by the PLATON program, occupied 38.1% of crystal cell volume. The charge of unit cell is neutral. Therefore, the unit cell formula is determinate as [Cd6S18Se6]. Two strong solid-state luminescence peaks, centered at 450 nm and 498 nm, were observed from the ternary [Cd6S18Se6] clusters by λ = 370 nm radiation. The 450 nm peak is due to the porosity property of cadmium chalcogenide clusters. However, the 498 nm peak has not been reported for the cadmium chalcogenide clusters before. In this study, we demonstrate that the 498 nm peak is attributed to the embedded Se atoms confined in the [S3Se]2− unit of [Cd6S18Se6] cluster. The luminescent output from the ternary [Cd8S18Se6] cluster is stable in room temperature for more than 6 months