Can Social Exchange Theory Explain Individual Knowledge-Sharing Behavior? A Meta-Analysis

Motivating people to contribute knowledge has become an important research topic and a major challenge for organizations. In order to promote knowledge-sharing, managers need to understand the mechanism that drives individuals to contribute their valuable knowledge. Several theories have been applied to study knowledge-sharing behavior. However, the research settings and findings are often inconsistent. In this study, we use the social exchange theory as our base to develop an extended model that includes IT support and organizational type as moderators. A meta-analysis on 29 reported studies was conducted to examine how different factors in the social exchange theory affect knowledge-sharing behavior. The findings confirm that the social exchange theory plays an important role underlying individuals’ knowledge-sharing behavior. The results also demonstrate that social interaction and trust derived from the social exchange theory and moderated by IT contextual factors can predict individual’s knowledge-sharing behavior

Topological and organizational properties of the products of house-keeping and tissue-specific genes in protein-protein interaction networks

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Human cells of various tissue types differ greatly in morphology despite having the same set of genetic information. Some genes are expressed in all cell types to perform house-keeping functions, while some are selectively expressed to perform tissue-specific functions. In this study, we wished to elucidate how proteins encoded by human house-keeping genes and tissue-specific genes are organized in human protein-protein interaction networks. We constructed protein-protein interaction networks for different tissue types using two gene expression datasets and one protein-protein interaction database. We then calculated three network indices of topological importance, the degree, closeness, and betweenness centralities, to measure the network position of proteins encoded by house-keeping and tissue-specific genes, and quantified their local connectivity structure.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Compared to a random selection of proteins, house-keeping gene-encoded proteins tended to have a greater number of directly interacting neighbors and occupy network positions in several shortest paths of interaction between protein pairs, whereas tissue-specific gene-encoded proteins did not. In addition, house-keeping gene-encoded proteins tended to connect with other house-keeping gene-encoded proteins in all tissue types, whereas tissue-specific gene-encoded proteins also tended to connect with other tissue-specific gene-encoded proteins, but only in approximately half of the tissue types examined.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our analysis showed that house-keeping gene-encoded proteins tend to occupy important network positions, while those encoded by tissue-specific genes do not. The biological implications of our findings were discussed and we proposed a hypothesis regarding how cells organize their protein tools in protein-protein interaction networks. Our results led us to speculate that house-keeping gene-encoded proteins might form a core in human protein-protein interaction networks, while clusters of tissue-specific gene-encoded proteins are attached to the core at more peripheral positions of the networks.</p

Glass-Embedded Fan-Out Antenna-in-Packaging for 5G Millimeter Wave Applications

The paper proposes a novel Antenna-in-Packaging (AiP) structure design for 60 GHz, millimeter wave WiFi applications. In the AiP design, single- or double-sided glass redistribution layers were embedded in a typical fan-out (FO) packaging structure to introduce design flexibility and to improve the radiation properties of the antenna. ANSYS-HFSS software was employed for electromagnetic (EM) characteristic simulations on the fan-out AiP (FO_AiP) design. To improve antenna radiation performance, single factor analyses were first performed to study the impact of each of the design parameters. A consecutive procedure followed to find more suitable combinations of the design parameters. As a result, two typical glass-embedded FO_AiP structures - one with 7.6 GHz bandwidth plus 4.7 dB gain and upward radiation, and another with 5.3 GHz bandwidth plus 5.2 dB gain and downward radiation, are proposed for the 60 GHz applications

Glass-Embedded Fan-Out Antenna-in-Packaging for 5G Millimeter Wave Applications

The paper proposes a novel Antenna-in-Packaging (AiP) structure design for 60 GHz, millimeter wave WiFi applications. In the AiP design, single- or double-sided glass redistribution layers were embedded in a typical fan-out (FO) packaging structure to introduce design flexibility and to improve the radiation properties of the antenna. ANSYS-HFSS software was employed for electromagnetic (EM) characteristic simulations on the fan-out AiP (FO_AiP) design. To improve antenna radiation performance, single factor analyses were first performed to study the impact of each of the design parameters. A consecutive procedure followed to find more suitable combinations of the design parameters. As a result, two typical glass-embedded FO_AiP structures - one with 7.6 GHz bandwidth plus 4.7 dB gain and upward radiation, and another with 5.3 GHz bandwidth plus 5.2 dB gain and downward radiation, are proposed for the 60 GHz applications

Sequential activation of human signal recognition particle by the ribosome and signal sequence drives efficient protein targeting

Signal recognition particle (SRP) is a universally conserved targeting machine that mediates the targeted delivery of ∼30% of the proteome. The molecular mechanism by which eukaryotic SRP achieves efficient and selective protein targeting remains elusive. Here, we describe quantitative analyses of completely reconstituted human SRP (hSRP) and SRP receptor (SR). Enzymatic and fluorescence analyses showed that the ribosome, together with a functional signal sequence on the nascent polypeptide, are required to activate SRP for rapid recruitment of the SR, thereby delivering translating ribosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum. Single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy combined with cross-complementation analyses reveal a sequential mechanism of activation whereby the ribosome unlocks the hSRP from an autoinhibited state and primes SRP to sample a variety of conformations. The signal sequence further preorganizes the mammalian SRP into the optimal conformation for efficient recruitment of the SR. Finally, the use of a signal sequence to activate SRP for receptor recruitment is a universally conserved feature to enable efficient and selective protein targeting, and the eukaryote-specific components confer upon the mammalian SRP the ability to sense and respond to ribosomes

Factors Affecting Psychological and Health-Related Quality-of-Life Status in Children and Adolescents with Congenital Heart Diseases

Congenital heart disease (CHD), a severe cardiac defect in children, has unclear influences on young patients. We aimed to find the impacts of differently structure heart defects and various treatments on psychology and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in CHD children and adolescents. CHD patients aged between 6 and 18 years old visited our hospital from 1 May 2018 to 31 September 2018, and their principal caregivers were asked to participate. We used two validated questionnaires, Children Depression Inventory-TW (CDI-TW) and Child Health Questionnaire—Parent Form 50 (CHQ-PF 50), to evaluate CHD patients’ psychological and HRQoL conditions. Participants were grouped based on their cardiac defects and previous treatments. We analyzed the results via summary independent-samples t-test with post hoc Bonferroni correction and multivariant analysis. Two hundred and seventy-seven children and their principal caregivers were involved. There was no apparent depressive condition in any group. Single cardiac defect patients exhibited similar HRQoL to controls; simultaneously, those with cyanotic heart disease (CyHD), most multiple/complex CHDs children and adolescents, and those who received invasive treatments had poorer HRQoL. CyHD impacted the most on patients’ psychological and HRQoL status. Patients with sole cardiac defect could live near-normal lifes; on the other hand, CyHD had the worst effects on patients’ psychology and HRQoL