Plasma Processing of III-V Materials for Energy Efficient Electronics Applications

This paper reviews some recent activity at the James Watt Nanofabrication Centre in the University of Glasgow in the area of plasma processing for energy efficient compound semiconductor-based transistors. Atomic layer etching suitable for controllable recess etching in GaN power transistors will be discussed. In addition, plasma based surface passivation techniques will be reviewed for a variety of compound semiconductor materials ((100) and (110) oriented InGaAs and InGaSb)

Initial Investigation on the Impact of In Situ Hydrogen Plasma Exposure to the Interface Between Molecular Beam Epitaxially Grown P-Ga_0.7In_0.3Sb (100) and Thermal Atomic Layer Deposited (ALD) Al₂O₃

This work presents, to the best of the authors knowledge, the first experimental findings on the impact of in situ H<sub>2</sub> plasma exposure to the electrical properties of the interface between p-type Ga<sub>0.7</sub>In<sub>0.3</sub>Sb and atomic layer deposited Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. The effects of trimethyl aluminium (TMA) exposure prior to Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> deposition, and of a post gate metal forming gas anneal (FGA) are also investigated. The control sample, which was subjected to an ex situ HCl clean prior to ALD only, demonstrated a capacitance modulation of 36.29 % before FGA. This degraded for samples exposed to the H<sub>2</sub> plasma for all plasma powers investigated. TMA exposure offered no improvement, and significantly increased the frequency dispersion in accumulation for all samples. A post gate metal FGA at 350 °C for 15 minutes was found to substantially improve the interface quality, with the capacitance modulation, frequency dispersion in accumulation and dC/dV improving by as much as 190 %, 91 %, and 170 % respectively

DYNAMICAL EFFECTS OF SPRINT START ON DIFFERENT STARTING BLOCKS

The purpose of this study was to examine the dynamical variables of sprint start in two different starting blocks setups. The ReacTime Personal Systems was used to record the Reaction Time (RT) and the Power of 20 teenaged sprinters (15 males and 5 females) in the sprint start. In addition, the Newtest Powertimer photocells were used to collect subjects’ 0 to 10 metre (T10) performance after the sprint start. The variables were tested by the repeated measures one-way ANOVA by SPSS 19.0 statistical software at a .05 significant level. The results showed that there were better effects on the short starting block (SB) in power generation performance than the long starting block (LB). The athletes can apply short starting block and make adjustments and modifications based on their training conditions

An UM-based silhouette-crease edge enhancement for noisy images

[[abstract]]This paper presents an improved unsharp masking (UM) technique that enhances the quality and suppresses noises for the images acquired from a noisy environment such as taken during night time. Our approach employs noise smoothing and the idea that important edges should be enhanced more than minor edges. Edges are classified as silhouette and crease edges (major and minor edges) according to their lengths. An adaptive weighting method is used to enhance the edges. In this way, the major edges (silhouette) are sharpened more than minor edges (crease). The proposed method is examined on night images as well as noisy images. It is also compared to existing UM-based methods with satisfying results.[[notice]]補正完

The Impact on the Brazilian Economy of the Olympic Games in Rio De Janeiro in 2016

Purpose: This study aims to examine the influence of channel power and influence strategy, in terms of non-coercive strategies, on sanitary equipment manufacturers' relationships with channel members and channel performance.   Theoretical framework: The study is based on the literature on channel relationships, which suggests that using an influence strategy can contribute to managing the relationship with the channel members and benefit organization performance.   Design/Methodology/Approach:  In this study, we sampled from a sanitary equipment manufacturer's channel strategy. We used survey data to examine the effect of channel management strategies from sanitary equipment manufacturers on distributors.   Findings: The finding indicates that a supplier using economic power tends to adopt non-coercive strategies. In addition, economic power and non-coercive strategies positively affect the continuity of the relationship with distributors. Relationship continuity between manufacturers and distributors positively impacts whole channel performance.   Originality/Value: This study sampled the distributors in the sanitary equipment industry, a market in which the consumers are not knowledgeable about the products. Most consumers base their purchase decisions heavily on the channel member’s recommendations. Therefore, how to manage the relationship with the channel members is critical to understand.   Research, Practical & Social implications: Distributors are regarded as an extension of the company's sales capabilities. Channels have always held an essential position in the industry. Maintaining relationships between distributors and improving channel performance is a critical question in distribution management

Increased ATP generation in the host cell is required for efficient vaccinia virus production

To search for cellular genes up-regulated by vaccinia virus (VV) infection, differential display-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (ddRT-PCR) assays were used to examine the expression of mRNAs from mock-infected and VV-infected HeLa cells. Two mitochondrial genes for proteins that are part of the electron transport chain that generates ATP, ND4 and CO II, were up-regulated after VV infection. Up-regulation of ND4 level by VV infection was confirmed by Western blotting analysis. Up-regulation of ND4 was reduced by the MAPK inhibitor, apigenin, which has been demonstrated elsewhere to inhibit VV replication. The induction of ND4 expression occurred after viral DNA replication since ara C, an inhibitor of poxviral DNA replication, could block this induction. ATP production was increased in the host cells after VV infection. Moreover, 4.5 μM oligomycin, an inhibitor of ATP production, reduced the ATP level 13 hr after virus infection to that of mock-infected cells and inhibited viral protein expression and virus production, suggesting that increased ATP production is required for efficient VV production. Our results further suggest that induction of ND4 expression is through a Bcl-2 independent pathway

Effects of different ceramic and dentin thicknesses on the temperature rise during photocuring

AbstractBackground/purposeThe aims of this investigation were to describe the effect of different ceramic and remaining dentin thicknesses on substrate temperature during photocuring, and investigate whether the temperature increased by >5.5°C for different dentin/ceramic combinations.Materials and methodsThree groups of dentin thicknesses of 1.0 (D1.0), 1.5 (D1.5), and 2.0 mm (D2.0), and three groups of ceramic thicknesses of 1.5 (C1.5), 2.5 (C2.5), and 3.5 mm (C3.5) were examined. Temperature changes and the maximum temperature were observed under a high-intensity halogen light (QTH-Atralis 10 ECS program at 1200mW/cm2 for 30 seconds, Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein). Four groups, D1.0–C1.5 (+11°C), D1.5–C1.5 (+7.2°C), D1.0–C2.5 (+6.7°C), and D2–0C1.5 (+5.8°C), demonstrated temperature changes of >5.5°C.Results and ConclusionsA statistical analysis showed that separate individual thicknesses and combinations of dentin and ceramic had significant effects on temperature changes (P<0.01). It was observed that the ceramic exhibited a smaller temperature shielding effect than dentin. Clinically, it would be optimal to preserve the dentin to avoid damaging pulp tissues. Where there is insufficient overall thickness (≤3.5mm), continuous high-energy output photocuring should be avoided to protect pulp tissues from thermal injury