Markers of oxidative damage lipids and DNA in men with type 1 diabetes mellitus and different levels of albuminuria

BACKGROUND: Diabetic nephropathy is a specific kidney damage that affects up to 40% of type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. There is still insufficient knowledge about oxidative stress at the different levels of albuminuria.AIM: To assess the indicators of oxidative damage to lipids, DNA and antioxidant defense in men with type 1 diabetes mellitus and albuminuria different levels.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted during 2018–2019. The main group included 56 men of reproductive age with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) divided into 2 groups: 24 patients with albuminuria level A1 (group A1) and 32 patients with albuminuria level A2 (group A2). The control group consisted of 28 healthy men. The oxidative stress indicators content, as well as the activity of antioxidant defense system various links was evaluated. Spectrophotometric, fluorimetric and enzyme immunoassay methods were used.RESULTS: In patients of the A1 group there were higher values of the median of primary — conjugated dienes, secondary — ketodienes and conjugated trienes, final — Schiff bases products and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine in comparison with the control. Similar changes in patients of the A2 group were found. Intergroup differences related to increased median values of TBARs and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine in patients of the A2 group compared with A1 group. The activity of the antioxidant defense system in A1 group relative to the control by increased values of the glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, oxidized glutathione median, and retinol was characterized. A2 group had higher values of glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione medians in comparison with controls. Correlation analysis in A1 group showed the relationships between the duration of the disease and the products of lipid peroxidation, glycated hemoglobin with 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine. In A2 group, there was a relationship between the albumin/creatinine ratio and the duration of the disease, glomerular filtration rate and creatinine level.CONCLUSION: In men with T1DM, regardless of the albuminuria level, there are higher values of the oxidative damage lipids and DNA parameters, as well as the presence of close relationships between these parameters and the duration of the disease, which can be used to develop potential strategies for the prevention and early therapy of diabetic nephropathy

Solitary waves in the Nonlinear Dirac Equation

In the present work, we consider the existence, stability, and dynamics of solitary waves in the nonlinear Dirac equation. We start by introducing the Soler model of self-interacting spinors, and discuss its localized waveforms in one, two, and three spatial dimensions and the equations they satisfy. We present the associated explicit solutions in one dimension and numerically obtain their analogues in higher dimensions. The stability is subsequently discussed from a theoretical perspective and then complemented with numerical computations. Finally, the dynamics of the solutions is explored and compared to its non-relativistic analogue, which is the nonlinear Schr{\"o}dinger equation. A few special topics are also explored, including the discrete variant of the nonlinear Dirac equation and its solitary wave properties, as well as the PT-symmetric variant of the model

Маркеры почечного повреждения, липидного обмена и карбонильного стресса у пациентов с сахарным диабетом I типа и разным уровнем альбуминурии

The aim of this work was to study the levels of podocalyxin and β-2-microglobulin and parameters of lipid metabolism and carbonyl stress in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients with different levels of albuminuria.Materials and methods. 56 men of reproductive age with T1DM were divided into two groups: 24 patients with stage A1 albuminuria (group A1) and 32 patients with stage A2 albuminuria (group A2). The control group consisted of 28 healthy men. The levels of renal function markers, lipid metabolism parameters, and methylglyoxal were assessed using enzyme immunoassay and spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods.Results. Higher values for total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and very-low-density lipoprotein medians in both groups A1 and A2 were found. In these groups, increased podocalyxin and methylglyoxal medians were revealed. Correlation analysis in the group A1 showed the presence of a relationship between the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and creatinine. In the group A2, correlations between the generally accepted parameters of kidney injury (the albumin / creatinine ratio and GFR) and the duration of the disease and between GFR and the creatinine and methylglyoxal levels in the blood were identified. The podocalyxin level in this group correlated with the β2- microglobulin and methylglyoxal levels and lipid metabolism parameters. The level of β2-microglobulin correlated with the lipid metabolism parameters.Conclusion. Regardless of the level of albuminuria, men with T1DM had significantly increased levels of podocalyxin, lipid metabolism parameters, and methylglyoxal, as well as strong relationships between these parameters. The data of this study can be used for development of potential strategies for prevention and early treatment of diabetic nephropathy.Цель – изучение уровня подокаликсина, β-2-микроглобулина, показателей липидного обмена и карбонильного стресса у пациентов с сахарным диабетом (СД) I типа и разным уровнем альбуминурии.Материалы и методы. Проведено обследование 56 мужчин репродуктивного возраста с СД I типа, разделенных на две группы: 24 пациента с альбуминурией стадии А1 (группа А1) и 32 – с альбуминурией стадии А2 (группа А2). Контрольную группу составили 28 здоровых мужчин. Оценивался уровень почечных маркеров, компонентов липидного обмена и метилглиоксаля (МГ) с использованием иммуноферментных, спектрофотометрических и флюорометрических методов.Результаты. Установлены более высокие значения медиан общего холестерина, триацилглицеридов и липопротеидов очень низкой плотности в обеих группах с СД I типа. В данных группах отмечались также повышенные значения медианы подокаликсина и основного показателя карбонильного стресса – МГ. Проведенный корреляционный анализ в группе А1 показал наличие зависимости уровня скорости клубочковой фильтрации (СКФ) и креатинина. В группе А2 отмечались связи общепринятых показателей почечного повреждения (соотношения альбумин/креатинин и СКФ) с длительностью заболевания, показателя СКФ с уровнем креатинина и МГ. Уровень подокаликсина в данной группе коррелировал с уровнем β2-микроглобулина, МГ, показателей липидного обмена; β2-микроглобулин имел взаимосвязи с параметрами липидного обмена.Заключение. У мужчин с СД I типа вне зависимости от уровня альбуминурии отмечаются значительно более высокий уровень подокаликсина, увеличенные показатели липидного обмена и МГ, а также наличие тесных взаимосвязей между этими параметрами, что может быть использовано для разработки потенциальных стратегий профилактики и ранней терапии диабетической нефропатии

Features of the development of diets for preschool children in celiac patients

The article presents the results of a study on the development of diets for feeding children with food polyvalent allergy, incl. and gluten at the age of 3–7 years for feeding children in pre-school educational organizations. Food allergies to gluten or gluten enteropathy (celiac disease) is a chronic human disease in which eating food from wheat, rye, and barley grain causes a wide range of pathological changes in the body: damage to the small intestine mucosa, a sharp deterioration in the digestion and absorption of nutrients. The developed 10 day menu, corresponding to the principles of the child's nutritional needs (physiological norms of consumption), distribution of nutrition during the day, the child's need for food. The data of caloric distribution of the diet for individual meals are presented. The evaluation of the nutrition balance of children was carried out on the basis of the SanPiN guidelines 2.4.1.3049-13. Satisfaction of diurnal physiological norms of consumption on the main macronutrients, vitamins, minerals and energy value of the diet on the basis of the analysis of menu-layouts is considered. It is shown that measures to form healthy food habits in preschool children as part of a healthy lifestyle should be systemic, ensuring continuity and continuity of this process, as well as taking into account the age and individual characteristics of children. Since the gluten-free diet is a health preventive for people with celiac compliance, it needs a long time

Benzofuroxans: their synthesis, properties, and biological activity

© 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. The review provides a brief historical background for the establishment of structure of benzofuroxanes. Methods for their synthesis are summarized, and the chemical properties are described, which are splitted into two parts: reactions proceeding with a ring opening of the heterocycle, and those occuring with a participation of the isocyclic moiety. The biological activity of various representatives belonging to the benzofuroxan series is covered in details

Benzofuroxans: their synthesis, properties, and biological activity

© 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. The review provides a brief historical background for the establishment of structure of benzofuroxanes. Methods for their synthesis are summarized, and the chemical properties are described, which are splitted into two parts: reactions proceeding with a ring opening of the heterocycle, and those occuring with a participation of the isocyclic moiety. The biological activity of various representatives belonging to the benzofuroxan series is covered in details

The effect of using the algorithm of restrictive intraoperative fluid therapy, early immune enteral nutrition, and early patient mobilization on orthotopic liver transplantation outcomes

Major surgical procedures induce a number of pathophysiological responses, which may lead to a significant increase in perioperative complications, delayed recovery and rehabilitation, and longer hospital stays. Fast-track surgery, also known as enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) or as multimodal surgery, aims at decreasing the frequency of postoperative complications, creating optimal conditions for earlier postoperative recovery and return to normal life activities.The implementation of fast-track programs results in a reduced treatment duration without increase in readmissions. In this article, we have described our experience in the application of fast track program components to improve the outcomes after liver transplantation