1,006 research outputs found
Editable AI: Mixed Human-AI Authoring of Code Patterns
Developers authoring HTML documents define elements following patterns which
establish and reflect the visual structure of a document, such as making all
images in a footer the same height by applying a class to each. To surface
these patterns to developers and support developers in authoring consistent
with these patterns, we propose a mixed human-AI technique for creating code
patterns. Patterns are first learned from individual HTML documents through a
decision tree, generating a representation which developers may view and edit.
Code patterns are used to offer developers autocomplete suggestions, list
examples, and flag violations. To evaluate our technique, we conducted a user
study in which 24 participants wrote, edited, and corrected HTML documents. We
found that our technique enabled developers to edit and correct documents more
quickly and create, edit, and correct documents more successfully
Gender and the right to mobility in South Asia
"South Asia including Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka encompasses
source, transit and destination areas for women who migrate for employment. In context of
current migration patterns, this study identifies and analyzes sociopolitical restrictions on
women s mobility; and highlights local, national and regional feminist perspectives,
strategies and approaches to promote mobility, work and freedom from violence at all
stages of migration. The strategies and tactics discussed in this report expand current
discourses on migrant rights and provide insight that can inform local, national and regional
policies and programmes to promote migrant rights.
Part I provides a brief overview of migration patterns, delineates the many restrictions on
women s mobility and underlines the spectrums of violence faced by migrant women.
Violence in this context includes economic, physical and sexual violence.
Part II documents the range of strategies used by South Asia Women s Fund (SAWF)
partners. These social movement actors are committed to addressing all forms of migration
related violence through an explicitly feminist, rights-based and regional approach. Key
thematic areas of engagement include confronting defacto and dejure restrictions on
women s right to mobility, right to work and right to information; and challenging social
and policy practices that undermine and stigmatize women s work.
Finally, the study concludes with thematic recommendations grounded in grassroots
experience to inform partner strategies, SAWF funding priorities and future directions of
rights-based anti-trafficking initiatives. These insights are relevant to recent global
initiatives to address the impact of uneven economic growth within and among countries,
including the United Nations Sustainable Development Agenda, Habitat III Urban Agenda
and International Labour Organization deliberations on Decent work in global supply chains
and Violence against women and men in the world of work.
Critical appraisal of drug promotional literature using World Health Organisation guidelines
Background: Pharmaceutical marketing using drug promotional literatures is an important strategy adopted by the companies to promote their drugs. The primary objective of the present study is to compare the drug promotional literature of different pharmaceutical companies on the basis of World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on ethical drug promotion.Methods: This observational, cross sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital, Delhi. The promotional literature was evaluated in accordance with WHO guidelines, nature of claims, pictorial content presented in it and for the cited references.Results: A total of 208 promotional brochures were analysed. Only few (5.8%) of the promotional literature fulfilled all the criteria as mentioned by the guidelines. Nutritional supplements (27.9%) were the most promoted group of drugs. Pharmaceutical companies were most reluctant to provide information regarding contraindications (9.6%), adjuvants (11.5), side effects (10.6%) and drug interactions (9.6%). Generic name, brand name, dosage form, therapeutic indications were outlined in most of the brochures. Exaggerated emotional claims were made in 47.1% brochures, followed by that of efficacy in 39.4% and safety in 25% of brochures. Pictures of medicinal products outnumbered others with 39.9% followed by pictures of women, children and doctors with 20.7%, 17.3% and 13.5% respectively.Conclusions: Majority of the drug promotional literature did not comply with the ethical guidelines and was inadequate in terms of their adequacy, quality and reliability. Hence, it can be concluded that the majority of the promotional advertisements that are given to the prescribers are not able to spread awareness towards rational prescribing.
The anaerobic bacteriology of intrapulmonary infections in Kuwait
Objective: The primary objective of this study was to ascertain the association of anaerobic bacteria in intrapulmonary infections and their susceptibility pattern to commonly prescribed antibiotics. Methods: One hundred clinical samples (85 broncho-alveolar lavage and 15 lung abscess aspirates) from suspected intrapulmonary infection cases were investigated in order to determine the role of anaerobic bacteria in these infections. The anaerobic bacterial isolates were identified by using the Vitek Anaerobic Card System and conventional methods. Susceptibility of these isolates was determined by Etest method against eight commonly prescribed antibiotics. Results: A total of 42 anaerobes were isolated, of which Prevotella spp. were the commonest isolates, made up of 42.9% (18/42), followed by Peptostreptococcus spp. 33.3% (14/42). Only two Bacteroides fragilis strains were isolated. All the isolates were sensitive to metronidazole, clindamycin, imipenem and meropenem; however, one Prevotella was resistant to piperacillin-tazobactam. The two B. fragilis isolates were susceptible to metronidazole, imipenem, meropenem and piperacillin-tazobactam, and one was found to be resistant to clindamycin. Conclusion: Overall, Prevotella spp. were found to be the predominant anaerobic bacteria associated with intrapulmonary infections in Kuwait. All the commonly prescribed antibiotics had excellent in vitro activities against nearly all the isolates
Characterizing RNA Dynamics at Atomic Resolution Using Solution-state NMR Spectroscopy
Many recently discovered non-coding RNAs do not fold into a single native conformation, but rather, sample many different conformations along their free energy landscape to carry out their biological function. Unprecedented insights into the RNA dynamic structure landscape are provided by solution-state NMR techniques that measure the structural, kinetic, and thermodynamic characteristics of motions spanning picosecond to second timescales at atomic resolution. From these studies a basic description of the RNA dynamic structure landscape is emerging, bringing new insights into how RNA structures change to carry out their function as well as applications in RNA-targeted drug discovery and RNA bioengineering
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