510 research outputs found
(E)-N′-(4-Methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide
In the title molecule, C15H14N2O2, the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 5.93 (17)°. In the crystal, intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into chains propagating in [010]
Neighbourhood permeability and burglary: a case study of a city in China
Much research from different fields has explored the crime-space relationship for different crime types with various study units. However, empirical studies in the diverse urban environments get conflict results that support the two contrary planning paradigms, 'open' and 'closed' solutions. Through a case study in one prosperous city in China, this research tries to detect the relationship between neighbourhood permeability and the burglary distribution pattern with the study unit of neighbourhood committees. This study focuses on three types of permeability, namely socio-economic, physical, and spatial ones. Our findings show that neighbourhoods with generally lower physical or spatial permeability allowing fewer people to enter or pass by are associate with burglary clustering. Socio-economic barriers offer a positive impact on burglary prevention. Nevertheless, the relationship between permeability and crime distribution is not geographically uniform over the whole city. A suggestion for future research is outlined in the conclusion
(E)-N′-[1-(4-Bromophenyl)ethylidene]benzohydrazide
The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C15H13BrN2O, contains two independent molecules with different conformations; the two aromatic rings form dihedral angles of 32.4 (4) and 27.5 (4)° in the two molecules. In the crystal structure, intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link molecules into chains propagating in [100]
Association of coffee intake with bone mineral density: a Mendelian randomization study
BackgroundIn observational studies, the relationship between coffee intake and bone mineral density (BMD) is contradictory. However, residual confounding tends to bias the results of these studies. Therefore, we used a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to further investigate the potential causal relationship between the two.MethodsGenetic instrumental variables (IVs) associated with coffee intake were derived from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) in 428,860 British individuals and matched using phenotypes in PhenoScanner. Summarized data on BMD were obtained from 537,750 participants, including total body BMD (TB-BMD), TB-BMD in five age brackets ≥60, 45-60, 30-45, 15-30, and 0-15 years, and BMD in four body sites: the lumbar spine, the femoral neck, the heel, and the ultradistal forearm. We used inverse variance weighting (IVW) methods as the primary analytical method for causal inference. In addition, several sensitivity analyses (MR-Egger, Weighted median, MR-PRESSO, Cochran’s Q test, and Leave-one-out test) were used to test the robustness of the results.ResultsAfter Bonferroni correction, Coffee intake has a potential positive correlation with total body BMD (effect estimate [Beta]: 0.198, 95% confidence interval [Cl]: 0.05-0.35, P=0.008). In subgroup analyses, coffee intake was potentially positively associated with TB-BMD (45-60, 30-45 years) (Beta: 0.408, 95% Cl: 0.12-0.69, P=0.005; Beta: 0.486, 95% Cl: 0.12-0.85, P=0.010). In addition, a significant positive correlation with heel BMD was also observed (Beta: 0.173, 95% Cl: 0.08-0.27, P=0.002). The results of the sensitivity analysis were generally consistent.ConclusionThe results of the present study provide genetic evidence for the idea that coffee intake is beneficial for bone density. Further studies are needed to reveal the biological mechanisms and offer solid support for clinical guidelines on osteoporosis prevention
Formation and properties of glycinin-rich and -conglycinin-rich soy protein isolate gels induced by microbial transglutaminase
Abstract The gelation and gel properties of glycinin-rich and -conglycinin-rich soy protein isolates (SPIs) induced by microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) were investigated. At the same enzyme and protein substrate concentrations, the on-set of gelation of native SPI and the viscoelasticity development of correspondingly formed gels depended upon the relative ratio of glycinin to -conglycinin. The turbidity analysis showed that the glycinin components also contributed to the increase in the turbidity of SPI solutions incubated with MTGase (at 37°C). Textural proWle analysis indicated that the glycinin components of SPIs principally contributed to the hardness, fracturability, gumminess and chewiness values of corresponding gels, while the cohesiveness and springness were mainly associated with the -conglycinin components. The strength of MTGase-induced gels of various kinds of SPIs could be signiWcantly improved by the thermal treatment. The protein solubility analyses of MTGase-induced gels, indicated that besides the covalent cross-links, hydrophobic and H-bondings and disulWde bonds were involved in the formation and maintenance of the glycinin-rich SPI gels, while in -conglycinin-rich SPI case, the hydrophobic and H-bondings were the principal forces responsible for the maintenance of the gel structure. The results suggested that various kinds of SPI gels with diVerent properties could be induced by MTGase, through controlling the glycinin to -conglycinin ratio
Physical properties and chemical composition of the cores in the California molecular cloud
We aim to reveal the physical properties and chemical composition of the
cores in the California molecular cloud (CMC), so as to better understand the
initial conditions of star formation. We made a high-resolution column density
map (18.2") with Herschel data, and extracted a complete sample of the cores in
the CMC with the \textsl{fellwalker} algorithm. We performed new
single-pointing observations of molecular lines near 90 GHz with the IRAM 30m
telescope along the main filament of the CMC. In addition, we also performed a
numerical modeling of chemical evolution for the cores under the physical
conditions. We extracted 300 cores, of which 33 are protostellar and 267 are
starless cores. About 51\% (137 of 267) of the starless cores are prestellar
cores. Three cores have the potential to evolve into high-mass stars. The
prestellar core mass function (CMF) can be well fit by a log-normal form. The
high-mass end of the prestellar CMF shows a power-law form with an index
that is shallower than that of the Galactic field stellar
mass function. Combining the mass transformation efficiency ()
from the prestellar core to the star of and the core formation
efficiency (CFE) of 5.5\%, we suggest an overall star formation efficiency of
about 1\% in the CMC. In the single-pointing observations with the IRAM 30m
telescope, we find that 6 cores show blue-skewed profile, while 4 cores show
red-skewed profile. []/[HNC] and []/ in protostellar cores are higher than those in prestellar cores;
this can be used as chemical clocks. The best-fit chemical age of the cores
with line observations is ~years.Comment: Accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A
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