6 research outputs found
Enhanced Photocatalytic Water Splitting by Plasmonic TiO<sub>2</sub>–Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Cocatalyst under Visible Light Irradiation
In
this study, we introduce a plasmonic TiO<sub>2</sub>–Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> cocatalyst photoelectrode to improve the water-splitting
process. The absorption of incident photons and the separation rate
of photogenerated electron–hole pairs are enhanced due to the
broadband absorption and strong electric field of the composite formed
from these two metal oxide semiconductors and plasmonic silver nanoparticles
(Ag NPs). Plasmonic TiO<sub>2</sub>–Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> cocatalyst photoelectrodes were fabricated using a precipitation
and solution processing method. Under visible light irradiation, a
photocurrent that is 20 times higher than that of pure Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> was observed using an optimized ratio of the plasmonic
TiO<sub>2</sub>–Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/Ag cocatalyst.
The mechanism for this enhancement in the plasmonic cocatalyst system
was investigated using different structural configurations of the
photoelectrode. Both the crystallinity and absorption band edge of
the TiO<sub>2</sub>–Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> cocatalyst
were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ultraviolet–visible
absorption spectroscopy (UV–vis). Furthermore, the spatial
distribution of the photocurrent was investigated using this plasmonic
cocatalyst system
Additional file 1: of Photocatalytic Activities Enhanced by Au-Plasmonic Nanoparticles on TiO2 Nanotube Photoelectrode Coated with MoO3
Supporting information. (DOCX 1074Ă‚Â kb
Comparative Study on the Morphology-Dependent Performance of Various CuO Nanostructures as Anode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries
In this work, CuO samples with three
different nanostructures,
i.e., nanoflakes, nanoellipsoids, and nanorods, are successfully synthesized
by a facile and environmentally friendly hydrothermal approach based
on the use of different structure directing agents. The morphological
influence on the anodic electrochemical performances, such as capacity,
cycling stability, rate capability, and diffusion coefficient measurements
of these different CuO nanostructures is comparatively investigated
for sodium-ion batteries. The capacity and cycling stability are higher
for the CuO nanorods (CuO-NRs) based electrode as compared to the
cases of CuO nanoellipsoids (CuO-NEs) and CuO nanoflakes (CuO-NFs).
At a low current density of 25 mA g<sup>–1</sup>, the CuO-NRs
based electrode exhibits an excellent reversible capacity of 600 mA
h g<sup>–1</sup>. It also exhibits a capacity of 206 mA h g<sup>–1</sup> after 150 cycles with a capacity retention of 73%
even at a higher current density of 1000 mA g<sup>–1</sup>.
The exceptional performance of CuO-NRs is attributable to its slim
nanorod morphology with a smaller particle size that provides a short
diffusion path and the maximized surface area facilitating good diffusion
in electrolytes, ensuring good electronic conductivity and cycling
stability. The comparative analysis of these materials can provide
valuable insights to design hierarchical nanostructures with distinct
morphology to achieve better materials designed for sodium-ion batteries
Electrolyte Optimization for Enhancing Electrochemical Performance of Antimony Sulfide/Graphene Anodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries–Carbonate-Based and Ionic Liquid Electrolytes
The electrolyte is
a key component in determining the performance
of sodium-ion batteries. A systematic study is conducted to optimize
the electrolyte formulation for a Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/graphene
anode, which is synthesized via a facile solvothermal method. The
effects of solvent composition and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC)
additive on the electrochemical properties of the anode are examined.
The propylene carbonate (PC)-based electrolyte with FEC can ensure
the formation of a reliable solid-electrolyte interphase layer, resulting
in superior charge–discharge performance, compared to that
found in the ethylene carbonate (EC)/diethyl carbonate (DEC)-based
electrolyte. At 60 °C, the carbonate-based electrolyte cannot
function properly. At such an elevated temperature, however, the use
of an <i>N</i>-propyl-<i>N</i>-methylpyrrolidinium
bisÂ(fluorosulfonyl)Âimide ionic liquid electrolyte is highly promising,
enabling the Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/graphene electrode to deliver
a high reversible capacity of 760 mAh g<sup>–1</sup> and retain
95% of its initial performance after 100 cycles. The present work
demonstrates that the electrode sodiation/desodiation properties are
dependent significantly on the electrolyte formulation, which should
be optimized for various application demands and operating temperatures
of batteries
Electrolyte Optimization for Enhancing Electrochemical Performance of Antimony Sulfide/Graphene Anodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries–Carbonate-Based and Ionic Liquid Electrolytes
The electrolyte is
a key component in determining the performance
of sodium-ion batteries. A systematic study is conducted to optimize
the electrolyte formulation for a Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/graphene
anode, which is synthesized via a facile solvothermal method. The
effects of solvent composition and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC)
additive on the electrochemical properties of the anode are examined.
The propylene carbonate (PC)-based electrolyte with FEC can ensure
the formation of a reliable solid-electrolyte interphase layer, resulting
in superior charge–discharge performance, compared to that
found in the ethylene carbonate (EC)/diethyl carbonate (DEC)-based
electrolyte. At 60 °C, the carbonate-based electrolyte cannot
function properly. At such an elevated temperature, however, the use
of an <i>N</i>-propyl-<i>N</i>-methylpyrrolidinium
bisÂ(fluorosulfonyl)Âimide ionic liquid electrolyte is highly promising,
enabling the Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/graphene electrode to deliver
a high reversible capacity of 760 mAh g<sup>–1</sup> and retain
95% of its initial performance after 100 cycles. The present work
demonstrates that the electrode sodiation/desodiation properties are
dependent significantly on the electrolyte formulation, which should
be optimized for various application demands and operating temperatures
of batteries
Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Sheets Grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition: Synthesis and Influence of Nitrogen Impurities on Carrier Transport
A significant advance toward achieving practical applications of graphene as a two-dimensional material in nanoelectronics would be provided by successful synthesis of both n-type and p-type doped graphene. However, reliable doping and a thorough understanding of carrier transport in the presence of charged impurities governed by ionized donors or acceptors in the graphene lattice are still lacking. Here we report experimental realization of few-layer nitrogen-doped (N-doped) graphene sheets by chemical vapor deposition of organic molecule 1,3,5-triazine on Cu metal catalyst. When reducing the growth temperature, the atomic percentage of nitrogen doping is raised from 2.1% to 5.6%. With increasing doping concentration, N-doped graphene sheet exhibits a crossover from p-type to n-type behavior accompanied by a strong enhancement of electron–hole transport asymmetry, manifesting the influence of incorporated nitrogen impurities. In addition, by analyzing the data of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and electrical measurements, we show that pyridinic and pyrrolic N impurities play an important role in determining the transport behavior of carriers in our N-doped graphene sheets