Prirodni i proizvedeni radionuklidi u uzorcima mahovina iz regiona Severne Grčke

Terrestrial mosses obtain most of their nutrients directly from precipitation and dry deposition, and they can be used for monitoring of airborne radionuclide depositions. Ninetyfive samples of Hypnum Cupressiforme were collected in Northern Greece during the end of summer 2016. After the preparation, mosses were measured in a low-background HPGe detector with relative efficiency 32%. The activity concentrations of 7 Be ranged from 69 to 1280 Bq kg-1, and the concentrations of 137Cs ranged from 0 to 425 Bq kg-1. The concentrations of 210Pb were between 147 and 1920 Bq kg-1 and for 40K were between 120 and 750 Bq kg-1. Differences have been observed in the activity concentrations between the mosses collected from ground surface, rocks, branches and near roots. Finally, no correlation between the concentrations of 7 Be and 210Pb has been found.Mahovine svoje nutrijente direktno dobijaju iz padavina i suvom depozicijom i mogu se koristiti za monitoring depozicije radionuklida iz vazduha. Devedesetpet uzoraka mahovina (Hypnum Cupressiforme) je sakupljeno u regionu Severne Grčke tokom kraja leta 2016. godine. Posle pripreme, mahovine su merene na niskofonskom HPGe detektoru relativne efikasnosti 32%. Izmerene koncentracije aktivnosti 7 Be su bile od 69 do 1280 Bq kg-1, aktivnosti 137Cs od 0 do 425 Bq kg-1, aktivnosti 210Pb od 147 do 1920 Bq kg-1 , a 40K od 120 do 750 Bq kg-1. Primećene su razlike u koncentracijama aktivnosti radionuklida u mahovinama koje su sakupljene sa zemlje, kamena, grana stabala i blizu korena stabla. Između 7 Be i 210Pb nije pronađena nikakva korelacija

Prirodni i proizvedeni radionuklidi u uzorcima mahovina iz regiona Severne Grčke

Terrestrial mosses obtain most of their nutrients directly from precipitation and dry deposition, and they can be used for monitoring of airborne radionuclide depositions. Ninetyfive samples of Hypnum Cupressiforme were collected in Northern Greece during the end of summer 2016. After the preparation, mosses were measured in a low-background HPGe detector with relative efficiency 32%. The activity concentrations of 7 Be ranged from 69 to 1280 Bq kg-1, and the concentrations of 137Cs ranged from 0 to 425 Bq kg-1. The concentrations of 210Pb were between 147 and 1920 Bq kg-1 and for 40K were between 120 and 750 Bq kg-1. Differences have been observed in the activity concentrations between the mosses collected from ground surface, rocks, branches and near roots. Finally, no correlation between the concentrations of 7 Be and 210Pb has been found.Mahovine svoje nutrijente direktno dobijaju iz padavina i suvom depozicijom i mogu se koristiti za monitoring depozicije radionuklida iz vazduha. Devedesetpet uzoraka mahovina (Hypnum Cupressiforme) je sakupljeno u regionu Severne Grčke tokom kraja leta 2016. godine. Posle pripreme, mahovine su merene na niskofonskom HPGe detektoru relativne efikasnosti 32%. Izmerene koncentracije aktivnosti 7 Be su bile od 69 do 1280 Bq kg-1, aktivnosti 137Cs od 0 do 425 Bq kg-1, aktivnosti 210Pb od 147 do 1920 Bq kg-1 , a 40K od 120 do 750 Bq kg-1. Primećene su razlike u koncentracijama aktivnosti radionuklida u mahovinama koje su sakupljene sa zemlje, kamena, grana stabala i blizu korena stabla. Između 7 Be i 210Pb nije pronađena nikakva korelacija

Prostorna distribucija prirodnih radionuklida merena u Srbiji upotrebom biomonitora

Активност природних радионуклида је мерена у 217 узорака маховина Hypnum cupressiforme које су сакупљене крајем лета 2015. године на комплетној територији Републике Србије са циљем да се установи просторна дистрибуција радионуклида. Мерења су вршена NaI детектором облика јаме. Посебна пажња је посвећена 7Be који се већ деценијама користи као природни обележивач у изучавању транспортних процеса у атмосфери. Добијено је да је дистрибуција атмосферске депозиције 7Be неуниформна и да се најмања и највећа измерена вредност разликују девет пута. Просторна дистрибуција 7Be не показује корелацију са рељефом терена за разлику од 137Cs кога има више у планинским и шумовитим пределима. Присутност радионуклида из урановог и торијумовог низа у доброј мери зависи од структуре и састава тла на локацијама са којих су узимани узорци.The activities of natural radionuclide were measured in 217 moss samples that were collected at the entire territory of Serbia. Measurements were taken by well-type NaI detector in order to establish the spatial distribution of radionuclides. Special attention was paid to 7Be. It is obtained that the distribution of atmospheric deposition of 7Be is non-uniform; the minimum and maximum measured value differs nine times. No coincidence of the spatial distribution of 7Be with the relief was observed. It was noticed that higher values of 137Cs were detected in mountain and wooded areas. The presence of radionuclides from the Uranium and Thorium chains in the large extent depends on the structure of the soil at the sampling site

Προσδιορισμός με πυρηνικές μεθόδους της βιοσυσσώρευσης ραδιονουκλιδίων και ιχνοστοιχείων σε βρύα

Mosses are ideal biomonitors as they do not have roots and all the nutrients and the water they need are taken through wet and dry deposition. Since the 90’s, and in a five years’ interval a European moss survey is conducted under the framework of the ICP Vegetation, providing data on the elemental concentrations in naturally growing mosses. The latest moss survey was conducted in 2015/2016, coordinated by the Joint Institute of Nuclear Research, under the auspice of the ICP Vegetation Programme. Greece participated for the first time in this European moss survey with our team In the middle of 2016 summer, ninety-five (95) samples of Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. moss species were collected from the vicinity of Northern Greece. They were cleaned manually and were prepared for Epithermal Neutron Activation Analysis (ENAA) and gamma ray measurements for the determination of trace elements and radionuclides concentrations respectively. The elemental concentrations of forty-four (44) trace elements (Al, As, Ni, V, Cr, Zn, Fe, Br, Cl, I, Mg, Na, K, Sc, Ti, Mn, Co, Se, Rb, Sb, Au, Th, U, Si, Sr, Ca, Zr, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, In, Mo, Ag) were defined. The PMF 5 model was run for the determination of the sources of the trace elements. Five sources are identified: The Soil Dust, the Aged Sea Salt, the Road Dust, the Lignite Power Plant and the Mn-rich source. The soil dust source contributes more than 50% to the majority of the moss samples, indicating that the majority of trace elements are transferred to mosses, through the resuspended soil. The activity concentrations of 7Be, 210Pbuns, 40K, 232Th, 226Ra and 137Cs in mosses are also studied. Mosses were collected from different substrate types (rocks, branches, surface soil and near roots). Slight differences are observed in the radionuclides concentrations based on the substrate surface. 7Be presents higher activities in mosses collected from the ground surface, than those that were collected near roots, while 40K is found in higher concentrations in those mosses that were picked up mostly near roots. Radionuclides were also measured in soil samples. There is a match between the areas that present high concentrations of 137Cs in soil and in mosses, with those areas that were characterized as the most influenced after the Chernobyl accident. Finally, the resuspended soil is the main source of almost all the trace elements and radionuclides in mosses.Τα βρύα αποτελούν ιδανικούς βιοϊχνηθέτες. Δε διαθέτουν ριζικό σύστημα, οπότε όλα τα θρεπτικά συστατικά καθώς και το νερό που χρειάζονται τα παίρνουν κατευθείαν από την υγρή και ξηρή εναπόθεση. Από το 1990 και κάθε 5 χρόνια διεξάγεται μια Ευρωπαϊκή έρευνα στο πλαίσιο του ICP Vegetation Programme σε σχέση με τις συγκεντρώσεις των ιχνοστοιχείων σε φυσικά αναπτυσσόμενα βρύα. Η τελευταία έρευνα πραγματοποιήθηκε το 2015/2016, στην οποία η Ελλάδα συμμετείχε για πρώτη φορά με την ομάδα μας. Στα μέσα του καλοκαιριού του 2016, ενενήντα πέντε (95) δείγματα βρύων Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. συλλέχθησαν από την περιοχή της Βορείου Ελλάδος. Αφού καθαρίστηκαν, προετοιμάστηκαν για τη μέτρησή τους με τη μέθοδο της Νετρονικής Ενεργοποίησης και της γαμμα- φασματοσκοπίας, για τον προσδιορισμό των συγκεντρώσεων των ιχνοστοιχείων και των ραδιονουκλιδίων αντίστοιχα. Μετρήθηκαν οι συγκεντρώσεις 44 ιχνοστοιχείων (Al, As, Ni, V, Cr, Zn, Fe, Br, Cl, I, Mg, Na, K, Sc, Ti, Mn, Co, Se, Rb, Sb, Au, Th, U, Si, Sr, Ca, Zr, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, In, Mo, Ag). Για τον προσδιορισμό των πηγών τους, εφαρμόστηκε το μοντέλο PMF5, σύμφωνα με το οποίο αναγνωρίστηκαν 5 πηγές: η σκόνη από το χώμα, το παλαιωμένο θαλασσινό αλάτι, η σκόνη από τον δρόμο, τα εργοστάσια καύσης λιγνίτη και τέλος η πλούσια σε Mn πηγή. Η σκόνη από το χώμα συνεισφέρει στα περισσότερα δείγματα των βρύων σε ποσοστό πάνω από 50%, υποδεικνύοντας ότι η πλειοψηφία των ιχνοστοιχείων μεταφέρεται στα βρύα μέσω της επαναιώρησης του χώματος. Μελετήθηκαν ακόμη οι συγκεντρώσεις των εξής ραδιονουκλιδίων: 7Be, 210Pbuns, 40K, 232Th, 226Ra και 137Cs. Παρατηρούνται μικρές διαφορές στις συγκεντρώσεις τους, ανάλογα με την επιφάνεια συλλογής των βρύων (πάνω από πέτρες, στο έδαφος, σε κλαδιά και κοντά στις ρίζες). Το 7Be παρουσιάζει μεγαλύτερες συγκεντρώσεις στα δείγματα που συλλέχθησαν από το έδαφος από ότι κοντά στις ρίζες, ενώ το 40K, εμφανίζει μεγαλύτερες συγκεντρώσεις στα βρύα που βρίσκονταν κοντά στις ρίζες. Όσον αφορά τα δείγματα χώματος που συλλέχθησαν από τις ίδιες περιοχές με τα βρύα, υπάρχει μια ταύτιση μεταξύ των περιοχών που παρουσιάζουν υψηλές συγκεντρώσεις 137Cs στα βρύα, στα χώματα και αυτών που είχαν χαρακτηριστεί ως οι πιο επιβαρυμένες ακριβώς μετά το ατύχημα στο Τσέρνομπιλ. Τελος, η επαναιώρηση του χώματος είναι η κύρια πηγή της πλειοψηφίας των ιχνοστοιχείων και των ραδιονουκλιδίων στα βρύα

GREEK FARMING IN NATIONAL AND EUROPEAN CONTEXT: THE ROLE OF DIGITAL IN AGRICULTURE TRANSFORMATION

This work reviews the present status of the agriculture in Greece both in national and European framework. Greece is a mountainous country with the agricultural land covering almost half of the total area of the country (arable, permanent crop and pastureland). The greater part of the agricultural land belongs to Northern Greece, with the Region of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace being one of the most fertile areas. Most of the arable land is used for the cultivation of crops mainly for human and animal consumption, followed by the area covered by permanent grasslands and crops (olives, grapes, fruit and berry trees). Based on the database of the Statistical Office of the European Union, the cereal, fodder and industrial crops are the most abundant crops that are cultivated in Greece. Additionally, grapes, raisins, fresh vegetables, aromatic, and medical plants possess an important role in the agricultural production list of the country. However, the Greek agricultural output is much lower than in other European countries. Over the last two decades the agricultural land and the production of various products is declining in Greece. Even though the whole EU confronts a similar declining trend, Greece must deal with a more serious situation. Greek farmers daily face up to economic challenges such as high taxes and the rising costs of energy, fertilizers, and other raw materials, as well as to other environmental challenges like climate fluctuations (e.g., aridity) and soil erosion. Precision farming is the solution for innovative crop cultivation, production, and management with respect to the environment. By applying high-tech techniques and climate smart practices during the agriculture procedure, the efficiency of the agricultural production would be increased, while the consumed amount of money, energy, water and fertilizers would follow the opposite direction

First-Time Source Apportionment Analysis of Deposited Particulate Matter from a Moss Biomonitoring Study in Northern Greece

Moss biomonitoring is a widely used technique for monitoring the accumulation of trace elements in airborne pollution. A total of one hundred and five samples, mainly of the Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. moss species, were collected from the Northern Greece during the 2015/2016 European ICP Vegetation (International Cooperative Program on Effects of Air Pollution on Natural Vegetation and Crops) moss survey, which also included samples from the metalipherous area of Skouries. They were analyzed by means of neutron activation analysis, and the elemental concentrations were determined. A positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was applied to the results obtained for source apportionment. According to the PMF model, five sources were identified: soil dust, aged sea salt, road dust, lignite power plants, and a Mn-rich source. The soil dust source contributed the most to almost all samples (46% of elemental concentrations, on average). Two areas with significant impact from anthropogenic activities were identified. In West Macedonia, the emissions from a lignite power plant complex located in the area have caused high concentrations of Ni, V, Cr, and Co. The second most impacted area was Skouries, where mining activities and vehicular traffic (probably related to the mining operations) led to high concentrations of Mn, Ni, V, Co, Sb, and Cr