Valorisation and categorisation of the geosites in the Podtatrze area (Southern Poland) // Waloryzacja i kategoryzacja geostanowisk na Podtatrzu (Polska południowa)

The aim of this paper is to propose, valorise and categorise the geosites in the Podtatrze Area (Southern Poland). There are 46 geosites available in geodatabases (PGI, PAS and AGH) at this area. The author suggests next 28 geopoints, which can be used in geotourism. They were valorised by the Pereira and Pereira (2010) and Rybár (2010) methods and categorised. This area contains multiple geotourism attractions including interesting flysch geological settings, landslides, peatbogs, limestone klippes, various types of rivers with small gorges and paleontological sites. The increase in the number of tourists in the Podtatrze region may additionally provide numerous tangible benefits in the future, including sustainable tourism, less “congestion” in the Tatra Mountains, more economic diversity and new job opportunities.// Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie, skategoryzowanie oraz waloryzacja geostanowisk znajdujących się w polskiej części Podtatrza (Polska południowa). Na badanym terenie, w dostępnych powszechnie geologicznych bazach danych (PIG-PIB, PAN, AGH), znajduje się 46 geostanowisk. Autorka artykułu proponuje kolejnych 28 obiektów, które mogą zostać wykorzystane w geoturystyce. Badany obszar zawiera różnorodne atrakcje geoturystyczne: odsłonięcia skalne, osuwiska, torfowiska, doliny rzeczne z przełomami. Proponowane geopunkty zostały zwaloryzowane za pomocą metod stworzonych przez Pereirę i Pereirę (2010) oraz Rybára (2010). Ciągle rosnąca liczba turystów na Podtatrzu może dostarczyć wielu wymiernych korzyści w przyszłości, do których zaliczyć należy turystykę zrównoważoną, rozwój gospodarki oraz nowe miejsca pracy

Influence of cr-atoms on the magnetic and electrical properties in Ho(Co1-xCrx)2 compounds

AC magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) measurements have been performed on the Ho(Coi_a,Cra,)2 compounds with x=0.0, 0.03, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20. A strengthening of the HoCo2 ferrimagnetism shows up through a rapid increase at small Cr concentration x of the Curie temperature Tq which reaches a maximum around x= 0.15. The lattice parameters also go through a maximum for the same concentration of Cr. A remarkable decrease of the density of states near the Fermi level is observed for the sample with x= 0.20. We correlate the changes of the Curie temperature with the decrease of d-electron concentration when Cr substitutes for Co[…

Effect of Tb/Gd substitution on crystal structure and exchange interactions of Gd1- xTb xNi 3 intermetallic compounds

In the paper an in uence of Tb/Gd substitution on crystal structure and exchange interactions of Gd1xTbxNi3 (x = 0:0, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0) polycrystalline compounds have been studied. The crystal structure of all samples was checked at the room temperature by means of X-ray di raction. Exchange integrals of R R (JRR), T T (JTT) and R T (JRT) atoms were evaluated from M(T) magnetization curves (2 300 K, 2 T) based on the mean eld theory calculation. As it was shown the samples examined are single phase and crystallize in the PuNi3 (space group R-3m) type of crystal structure. The Tb/Gd substitution causes the decrease of lattice parameters as well as the volume of the unit cell. With increase of the x parameter the magnetic moment of Tb atoms increases from 6.94 B (x = 0:5) to 8.12 B (x = 1). The M(T) dependence of the examined compounds depends almost 8 times stronger on exchange interactions within the R R site than the interactions between the two antiferromagnetically coupled magnetic sublattices R T

Structural and magnetic properties of Dy(Fe,V,Si)12 compounds

An influence of Si on the structural and magnetic properties of Dy(Fe,V,Si)12 compounds is studied. X-ray diffraction shows that these materials crystallise in the tetragonal ThΜn12-typae structure. An increase in the saturation magnetization, the Curie temperatures and magnetocrystalline anisotropy in the Si substitutional systems is observed when compared with DyFeι2-xVx . The magnetic properties depend on the preferential site occupation and concentration of Si and V atoms in these compounds

Magneto-history effect in the Tb xGd 1-xNi 3 Compounds

The compounds TbxGd1xNi3 with a PuNi3-type structure have been obtained. The magnetic properties have been investigated by using SQUID magnetometer (Quantum Design MPMS, temperature from 1.9 K to 300 K and magnetic eld up to 7 T). The partial replacement of Gd by Tb atoms is re ected in a decrease of the ordering temperature from 115 K (x = 0:0) to 81 K (x = 1:0) as well as the increase of the saturation magnetic moment MS from 6.93 B/f.u. (x = 0:0) to 7.14 B/f.u. (x = 1:0). A large di erence of M(T) curves has been noticed between the so-called eld cooling zero eld cooling magnetization. The thermomagnetic curves are sensitive to the applied magnetic eld and their origin can be understood as the domain-wall pinning e ect and as the temperature dependence of coercivity

Electrical resistivity and electronic structure of the Tb xGd 1-xNi 3 system

In the paper the electric properties and electronic structure of the intermetallic TbxGd1xNi3 compounds are presented. The partial replacement of Gd by Tb atoms causes the decrease of the Curie temperature (TC) and the increase of the residual resistivity. According to the Matthiessen rule the scattering mechanisms in (T) have been analyzed. Moreover, the reduced form of the electrical resistivity Z(T T0) indicates a deviation from the linearity for x > 0:2. This kind of behaviour can be attributed to density of d states near by the Fermi level (EF) which are dominated by Ni 3d states. The valence band spectra as well as the core level lines have been analyzed as the in uence of Tb/Gd substitution on the electronic structure

The Electronic and Magnetic Properties of YbxGd1-xNi5 Systems

The intermetallic compounds YbxGd1¡xNi5 crystallize in the hexagonal CaCu5-type structure. Based on wide ranging SQUID-type magnetometer, it was shown that the saturation magnetization decreases with growing concentration of ytterbium. The opposite tendency was observed for the Sommerfeld coefficient obtained in the heat capacity measurements. These results are confirmed using ab initio band structure calculations

Magnetic properties of Tb(Ni1-xFex)3 (x = 0.2,0.6) crystalline compounds and powders

In the paper we present and discuss magnetic properties of the Tb(Ni1xFex)3 (x = 0:2, 0.6) crystalline compounds and their ball-milled powders. The investigated samples are polycrystalline and crystallize in the rhombohedral PuNi3 type of crystal structure. The Curie temperature of the material seems to be independent of particle size and is constant. The coercivity depends on the amount of iron dopant. The saturation magnetization decreases after mechanical grinding which is connected with the reduction in particle size. After 6 h milling time the SEM results show the presence of nano akes with thickness up to 100 nm or even smaller. Moreover, the pulverization leads to the observed decrease of magnetocaloric e ect

Geotouristic values of the Chochołowska Valley (Tatra Mountains, Poland) and their accessibility for people with physical disabilities

The purpose of this contribution is to present the geotourist path in the Chochołowska Valley for the disabled with limited mobility, as well as for the elderly. The Chochołowska Valley is the most westward valley in the Polish Tatra Mountains (Western Tatras). It is the longest and largest valley in the Polish Tatra Mountains, with an area of 35 km2 and 10 km in length. The highest peak located in the Chochołowska Valley is the Starorobociański Wierch at 2176 m a.s.l. The altitude at the end of the valley around Siwa Polana, is about 900 m a.s.l. (from 910 m a.s.l. to 920 m a.s.l.). At the Polana Huciska, where the geotoursit path ends, the altitude is about 1000 m a.s.l. The length of the path is 3.5 km, and the altitude difference over this distance is 100 meters. The Chochołowska Valley is developed in sedimentary rocks (limestones, marls, dolomites), belonging to two nappes: Choč Nappe (e.g. Siwiańskie Turnie outcrop) and Križna Nappe (e.g. Niżna Brama Chochołowska Rock Gate). The valley administratively belongs to the Witów village. A green tourist trail was marked through the valley. It start from the Siwa Polana to the mountain hut named after John Paul II on Polana Chochołowska. An asphalt road is from Siwa Polana to the Polana Huciska. The Chochołowska Valley is one of the most beautiful Tatra valleys with numerous rock outcrops and is considered to have a high geotouristic potential. The proposed geotourist path includes selected outcrops, which can be easily accessed by people with limited mobility, including people in wheelchairs. This path runs along a wide asphalt road, and any additional equipment (e.g. a freewheel for wheelchairs) is not required. A large car parking lot is available at the beginning of the proposed path (Siwa Polana), as well as sanitary and catering facilities

Analysis of factors affecting the quality of life of those suffering from Crohn's disease

Introduction. Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory bowel disease of unknown etiology. Its chronic nature, as well as symptoms of intestinal and overall significantly impedes the daily functioning of patients. Alternately occurring periods of exacerbation and remission are the cause of reduced quality of life of patients. Understanding the factors that caused the decrease in the quality of life, it allows us to understand the behavior and the situation of the patient and the ability to cope with stress caused by the disease. Aim of the study. The aim of the study was to analyze the factors affecting the quality of life of people with Crohn’s disease. Material and methods. The study group consisted of 50 people diagnosed with Crohn’s disease. Respondents were treated at the Department of General Surgery and Colorectal Medical University of Lodz and Gastroenterological Clinic at the University Clinical Hospital No. 1 in Lodz. Quality of Life Survey was carried out by a diagnostic survey using a research tool SF-36v2 and surveys of its own design. Results. Analysis of the results demonstrated that the quality of life of patients with Crohn’s disease was reduced, especially during exacerbations. Evaluation of the quality of life of respondents in physical terms was slightly higher than in the mental aspect. Higher education subjects and the lack of need for surgical treatment significantly improves the quality of life. Conclusions. The occurrence of chronic disease reduces the quality of life of respondents. Elderly patients are better able to adapt to the difficult situation caused by the disease. The quality of life of women and men is at a similar level and patients in remission of the disease have a better quality of life of patients during exacerbations