More than tears: associations between exposure to chemical agents used by law enforcement and adverse reproductive health outcomes

Despite routine law enforcement use of chemical agents for crowd control, the reproductive health safety profiles of these products are unknown. Moreover, limited evidence has documented a link between such exposures and adverse reproductive health outcomes including abnormal uterine bleeding and potential pregnancy disruption. This cross-sectional study examined reproductive outcomes in adults with uteri exposed to chemical agents used by law enforcement, more commonly known as “tear gas”. Participants were recruited through social media in the wake of police violence protests. Of the 1,276 participants included in analysis, 83% reported experiencing at least one of the outcomes of interest, included uterine cramping (69%), early menstrual bleeding (55%), breast tenderness (30%), and delayed menstrual bleeding (21%). Chemical agent exposure was significantly associated with higher odds of an adverse reproductive health outcome, those with 5 days or more of exposure have 2.6 times the odds (CI: 1.61, 4.22) of adverse outcomes and having a perception that one's menstruation may fluctuate according to psychosocial stressors was associated (OR = 1.94, CI: 1.36, 2.79) with a higher odds of an adverse reproductive health experience. These findings suggest a potential relationship between exposure to chemical agents and adverse reproductive health outcomes. Given the pervasive use of these chemical agents and their potential for reproductive health harm, further investigation into the safety of these products and their impacts on individual and community health is warranted urgently

Willingness to use novel reversible methods of male birth control: a community-based survey of cisgender men in the United States

Abstract Background There is high global demand for new methods of male birth control (MBC). However, contemporary evidence regarding men’s method-specific attitudes and their determinants is sparse. Methods Non-sterilized cisgender men ages 18–45 with recent history of female sex partners were surveyed at a large community event in the Midwestern US. We examined variation in participants’ willingness to use MBC by method (gel, pill, injection, implant, and vas occlusion), potential side effects, and potential barriers. We estimated crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) for associations between participant characteristics and willingness to use ≥ 1 MBC method. Results Overall, 72% of participants (n = 187; mean age, 29) were very willing to use ≥ 1 MBC method although support for individual methods ranged widely from 62% (pill) to 24% (vas occlusion). In bivariate analysis of sociodemographic and health characteristics, few demonstrated associations with MBC willingness. In a multivariable model, willingness was independently related to age (30–39 vs. 18–29 years old, aPR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.04–1.48) and having ever been tested for HIV (aPR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.07–1.51). Willingness to tolerate side effects was < 10% for most items. The most commonly endorsed barriers to MBC use were high cost (77%) and side effects (66%). Conclusions Enthusiasm for MBC was high but waned in the context of potential side effects and barriers. Additional research on MBC attitudes in socioeconomically and culturally diverse populations worldwide is sorely needed

Use of an endotracheal tube for surgical abortion complicated by a leiomyomatous uterus: a case report

Abstract Background Abnormal uterine anatomy, especially leiomyomas, can significantly impact the difficulty and potential morbidity of surgical uterine evacuation. To avoid hysterotomy and/or hysterectomy, limited evidence exists to guide surgical uterine evacuation when pregnancy tissue is inaccessible with routine instruments. Case presentation A 41-year-old G4P1021 African American woman at 14 4/7 weeks’ gestation was referred for surgical-induced abortion in the setting of an enlarged leiomyomatous uterus. Two large opposing leiomyomas at the internal cervical os rendered pregnancy tissue inaccessible with routine gynecologic surgical instruments. With ultrasound guidance, an endotracheal tube was connected to routine electric suction and utilized to complete uterine evacuation. Conclusions With distorted or markedly enlarged uterine anatomy rendering pregnancy tissue inaccessible with routine surgical instruments, the minimally invasive use of an endotracheal tube may aid completion of uterine evacuation for surgical uterine evacuation

YouTube and the single-rod contraceptive implant: a content analysis.

BACKGROUND: Since the internet has become an important source of contraceptive information with YouTube.com as the second most visited site, we analysed contraceptive implant YouTube videos for content and clinical accuracy. METHODS: Using the terms \u27contraceptive implant\u27, \u27Nexplanon\u27 and \u27Implanon\u27, the top 20 results on YouTube by relevance and view count were identified. After excluding duplicates, single-rod implant videos in English were included. Videos were classified as providing a professional or patient perspective. Views, duration and comments were noted. Videos were rated for reliability, global quality scale and whether they were positive or negative about the implant. Inter-rater agreement was measured. RESULTS: A total of 120 videos were retrieved; 52 were eligible for review. Less than 23% were professional videos; the majority reported patient experience (46% testimonials, 27% real-time procedure videos, 4% other). Patient videos had been posted a significantly longer duration of time than professional videos (364 vs 188 days, CONCLUSIONS: This study found that most of the information on YouTube pertaining to contraceptive implants is accurate, is presented from the patient\u27s perspective, and promotes the method\u27s use

Self-Administered Lidocaine Gel for Intrauterine Device Insertion in Nulliparous Women

ObjectiveTo evaluate self-administration of vaginal lidocaine gel to decrease pain with intrauterine device (IUD) insertion in nulliparous women.MethodsIn this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, women self-administered 2% lidocaine or placebo vaginal gel 5 minutes before IUD insertion. The primary outcome was change in pain from baseline to IUD insertion on a 100-mm visual analog scale. We also assessed pain after speculum insertion, tenaculum placement, uterine sounding, and 5 minutes after IUD insertion. Secondary outcomes included patient acceptability, ease of IUD insertion, and need for pain medication for up to 7 days.ResultsFrom July 2012 to May 2013, 59 women were randomized; 30 received lidocaine gel and 29 placebo. Baseline demographics, including age, race, and body mass index, were similar. There was no difference in median change in pain during IUD insertion in women receiving lidocaine (61 mm [interquartile range 53-71]) compared with placebo (69 mm [interquartile range 63-80], P=.06). Women receiving lidocaine experienced less pain with tenaculum placement (32 mm [interquartile range 18-54]) compared with placebo (56 mm [interquartile range 26-75], P=.02). Most (76%) women were satisfied with their IUD insertion experience and 86% would probably or definitely recommend an IUD to a friend. Thirty-four percent of women required pain medication for at least 3 days after IUD insertion.ConclusionFor nulliparous women, self-administered vaginal lidocaine gel does not reduce pain with IUD insertion, but does decrease pain with tenaculum placement.Clinical trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, http://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01534520

YouTube and the single-rod contraceptive implant: a content analysis

BACKGROUND: Since the internet has become an important source of contraceptive information with YouTube.com as the second most visited site, we analysed contraceptive implant YouTube videos for content and clinical accuracy. METHODS: Using the terms \u27contraceptive implant\u27, \u27Nexplanon\u27 and \u27Implanon\u27, the top 20 results on YouTube by relevance and view count were identified. After excluding duplicates, single-rod implant videos in English were included. Videos were classified as providing a professional or patient perspective. Views, duration and comments were noted. Videos were rated for reliability, global quality scale and whether they were positive or negative about the implant. Inter-rater agreement was measured. RESULTS: A total of 120 videos were retrieved; 52 were eligible for review. Less than 23% were professional videos; the majority reported patient experience (46% testimonials, 27% real-time procedure videos, 4% other). Patient videos had been posted a significantly longer duration of time than professional videos (364 vs 188 days, CONCLUSIONS: This study found that most of the information on YouTube pertaining to contraceptive implants is accurate, is presented from the patient\u27s perspective, and promotes the method\u27s use