The role of libraries in teaching doctoral students to become information-literate researchers:A review of existing practices and recommendations for the future

Purpose This paper aims to review current literature pertaining to information literacy and digital literacy skills and practices within the research workflow for doctoral students and makes recommendations for how libraries (and others) can foster skill-sets for graduate student research workflows for the twenty-first century scholarly researcher. Design/methodology/approach A review of existing information literacy practices for doctoral students was conducted, and four key areas of knowledge were identified and discussed. Findings The findings validate the need for graduate students to have training in information literacy, information management, knowledge management and scholarly communication. It recommends empirical studies to be conducted to inform future practices for doctoral students. Practical implications This paper offers four areas of training to be considered by librarians and faculty advisers to better prepare scholars for their future. Originality/value This paper presents a distinctive synthesis of the types of information literacy and digital literacy skills needed by graduate students

Survey on the use of computational optimisation in UK engineering companies

The aim of this work is to capture current practices in the use of computational optimisation in UK engineering companies and identify the current challenges and future needs of the companies. To achieve this aim, a survey was conducted from June 2013 to August 2013 with 17 experts and practitioners from power, aerospace and automotive Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs), steel manufacturing sector, small- and medium-sized design, manufacturing and consultancy companies, and optimisation software vendors. By focusing on practitioners in industry, this work complements current surveys in optimisation that have mainly focused on published literature. This survey was carried out using a questionnaire administered through face-to-face interviews lasting around 2 h with each participant. The questionnaire covered 5 main topics: (i) state of optimisation in industry, (ii) optimisation problems, (iii) modelling techniques, (iv) optimisation techniques, and (v) challenges faced and future research areas. This survey identified the following challenges that the participant companies are facing in solving optimisation problems: large number of objectives and variables, availability of computing resources, data management and data mining for optimisation workflow, over-constrained problems, too many algorithms with limited help in selection, and cultural issues including training and mindset. The key areas for future research suggested by the participant companies are as follows: handling large number of variables, objectives and constraints particularly when solution robustness is important, reducing the number of iterations and evaluations, helping the users in algorithm selection and business case for optimisation, sharing data between different disciplines for multi-disciplinary optimisation, and supporting the users in model development and post-processing through design space visualisation and data mining

A level Physics: the rhetoric and reality of educational reform

This thesis examines the reform of A level qualifications in England that took place between 2012 and 2015. It examines how a complex, political, and contested reform process was carried out, and tracks the reform from its initial nucleation points to the first teaching of a reformed qualification. Utilising concepts of power and power relations during this educational reform, this work examines the key figures and organisations that emerge and how they shape the discourse. The interplay between macro- and micro-scale policy reform processes and impacts are analysed in detail through steadily narrowing the focus to one subject, Physics, using it as a lens through which key tensions and discourses are examined. Immersion within both the reform process and Physics results in a study that utilises multiple methods, from document and policy analyses, interviews with physicists and secondary school pupils, and an autoethnographic element to tell the story of this period of educational reform and the power of the Secretary of State for Education who initiated it

A 3D immersive discrete event simulator for enabling prototyping of factory layouts

There is an increasing need to eliminate wasted time and money during factory layout design and subsequent construction. It is presently difficult for engineers to foresee if a certain layout is optimal for work and material flows. By exploiting modelling, simulation and visualisation techniques, this paper presents a tool concept called immersive WITNESS that combines the modelling strengths of Discrete Event Simulation (DES) with the 3D visualisation strengths of recent 3D low cost gaming technology to enable decision makers make informed design choices for future factories layouts. The tool enables engineers to receive immediate feedback on their design choices. Our results show that this tool has the potential to reduce rework as well as the associated costs of making physical prototypes

Development of a form-flexible handling technology with active cooling for hybrid components in forging processes

Tailored Forming is a novel manufacturing process for the production of forged hybrid components. In contrast to components made of mono-materials, hybrid components can be adapted to the respective loads by combining different materials with contradictory properties. Short processing times and high component quality, however, lead to the demand for automated handling and local active cooling within the forming process, since the appropriate processing temperature is particularly important. Due to the fact that the hybrid components are differently hot and change their shape during the forming process, a special gripper system must be provided, which can withstand high temperatures, and ensures both shape variability and local cooling. Nowadays, however, there is a gap between shape variable grippers and rigid grippers for temperature-sensitive processes without any integrated cooling functionalities. Therefore, this paper presents an approach for the development of shape variable high temperature grippers with the use-case of handling hot steel-aluminium hybrid components

Information search under uncertainty across transdiagnostic psychopathology and healthy ageing

When making decisions in everyday life, we often rely on an internally generated sense of confidence to help us revise and direct future behaviours. For instance, confidence directly informs whether further information should be sought prior to commitment to a final decision. Many studies have shown that aging and both clinical and sub-clinical symptoms of psychopathology are associated with systematic alterations in confidence. However, it remains unknown whether these confidence distortions influence information-seeking behaviour. We investigated this question in a large general population sample (N = 908). Participants completed a battery of psychiatric symptom questionnaires and performed a perceptual decision-making task with confidence ratings in which they were offered the option to seek helpful information (at a cost) before committing to a final decision. Replicating previous findings, an 'anxious-depression' (AD) symptom dimension was associated with systematically low confidence, despite no detriment in objective task accuracy. Conversely, a 'compulsive behaviour and intrusive thoughts' (CIT) dimension was associated with impaired task accuracy but paradoxical over-confidence. However, neither symptom dimension was significantly associated with an increased or decreased tendency to seek information. Hence, participants scoring highly for AD or CIT did not use the option to information seek any more than average to either increase their confidence (AD) or improve the accuracy of their decisions (CIT). In contrast, older age was associated with impaired accuracy and decreased confidence initially, but increased information seeking behaviour mediated increases in both accuracy and confidence for final decisions. Hence, older adults used the information seeking option to overcome initial deficits in objective performance and to increase their confidence accordingly. The results show an appropriate use of information seeking to overcome perceptual deficits and low confidence in healthy aging which was not present in transdiagnostic psychopathology.</p

Psychiatrically relevant signatures of domain-general decision-making and metacognition in the general population

Human behaviours are guided by how confident we feel in our abilities. When confidence does not reflect objective performance, this can impact critical adaptive functions and impair life quality. Distorted decision-making and confidence have been associated with mental health problems. Here, utilising advances in computational and transdiagnostic psychiatry, we sought to map relationships between psychopathology and both decision-making and confidence in the general population across two online studies (N’s = 344 and 473, respectively). The results revealed dissociable decision-making and confidence signatures related to distinct symptom dimensions. A dimension characterised by compulsivity and intrusive thoughts was found to be associated with reduced objective accuracy but, paradoxically, increased absolute confidence, whereas a dimension characterized by anxiety and depression was associated with systematically low confidence in the absence of impairments in objective accuracy. These relationships replicated across both studies and distinct cognitive domains (perception and general knowledge), suggesting that they are reliable and domain general. Additionally, whereas Big-5 personality traits also predicted objective task performance, only symptom dimensions related to subjective confidence. Domain-general signatures of decision-making and metacognition characterise distinct psychological dispositions and psychopathology in the general population and implicate confidence as a central component of mental health

History biases reveal novel dissociations between perceptual and metacognitive decision-making

Human decision-making and self-reflection often depend on context and internal biases. For instance, decisions are often influenced by preceding choices, regardless of their relevance. It remains unclear how choice history influences different levels of the decision-making hierarchy. We used analyses grounded in information and detection theories to estimate the relative strength of perceptual and metacognitive history biases and to investigate whether they emerge from common/unique mechanisms. Although both perception and metacognition tended to be biased toward previous responses, we observed novel dissociations that challenge normative theories of confidence. Different evidence levels often informed perceptual and metacognitive decisions within observers, and response history distinctly influenced first- (perceptual) and second- (metacognitive) order decision-parameters, with the metacognitive bias likely to be strongest and most prevalent in the general population. We propose that recent choices and subjective confidence represent heuristics, which inform first- and second-order decisions in the absence of more relevant evidence

Проект реконструкции котла БКЗ-210-140 ст. №13 Бийской ТЭЦ

Дипломный проект 182 страницы, 11 рисунков, 8 таблиц, 20 источников, 5 приложений, 6 листов графического материала. ТЕПЛОВАЯ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКАЯ СТАНЦИЯ, КОТЕЛ, ПЫЛЕСИСТЕМА, СХЕМА АВТОМАТИКИ И КИПА. Объектом исследования является котел типа БКЗ-210-140. Цель работы –перевод котлов БКЗ-210-140 на сжигание угля марки «Д». В процессе работы выполнен тепловой расчет котла на непроектное топливо, расчет системы пылеприготовления расчет нового оборудования, технико-экономические расчеты, проведен обзор социальной ответственности при работах в котельном цехе. Так же показана эффективность перехода на непроектное топливо, способы повышения надежности работы котлов, пылесистем. Технико-экономические расчеты показали высокую эффективность предлагаемой модернизации. Пояснительная записка выполнена в текстовом редакторе Microsoft Office Word 2007, чертежи в графических редакторах Компас и Автокад.Graduation project 182 pages, 11 figures, 8 tables, 20 sources, 5 annexes, 6 sheets of graphic material. Thermal power plants, boiler dust system, SCHEME AND AUTOMATION BL. The object of research is the boiler BKZ-210-140. Objective -Translation boilers BKZ-210-140 to burn coal grades "D". In operation, the thermal design of the boiler is made in the non-project fuel pulverization payment calculation system of the new equipment, technical and economic calculations, a review of social responsibility when working in the boiler room. Just shows the effectiveness of the transition to non-project fuel and ways to improve the reliability of the boilers, coal-pulverization systems. Technical and economic calculations have shown high efficiency of the proposed modernization. The explanatory note is made in the text Microsoft Office Word 2007 editor, drawing in the graphic editors AutoCAD and Compass

Influenza A virus hemagglutinin glycosylation compensates for antibody escape fitness costs

Rapid antigenic evolution enables the persistence of seasonal influenza A and B viruses in human populations despite widespread herd immunity. Understanding viral mechanisms that enable antigenic evolution is critical for designing durable vaccines and therapeutics. Here, we utilize the primerID method of error-correcting viral population sequencing to reveal an unexpected role for hemagglutinin (HA) glycosylation in compensating for fitness defects resulting from escape from anti-HA neutralizing antibodies. Antibody-free propagation following antigenic escape rapidly selected viruses with mutations that modulated receptor binding avidity through the addition of N-linked glycans to the HA globular domain. These findings expand our understanding of the viral mechanisms that maintain fitness during antigenic evolution to include glycan addition, and highlight the immense power of high-definition virus population sequencing to reveal novel viral adaptive mechanisms.Fil: Kosik, Ivan. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Estados UnidosFil: Ince, William L.. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Estados Unidos. National Center For Toxicological Research. Food And Drug Administration; Estados UnidosFil: Gentles, Lauren E.. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Estados UnidosFil: Oler, Andrew J.. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Estados UnidosFil: Kosikova, Martina. National Center For Toxicological Research. Food And Drug Administration; Estados UnidosFil: Angel, Matthew. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Estados UnidosFil: Magadan, Javier Guillermo. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Estados Unidos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos; ArgentinaFil: Xie, Hang. National Center For Toxicological Research. Food And Drug Administration; Estados UnidosFil: Brooke, Christopher B.. University of Illinois at Urbana; Estados UnidosFil: Yewdell, Jonathan W.. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Estados Unido