Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations in Bladder Cancer

Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with a high rate of recurrence and poor outcomes as a result of relapse. Bladder cancer patients require lifelong invasive monitoring and treatment, making bladder cancer one of the most expensive malignancies. Lines of evidence increasingly point to distinct genetic and epigenetic alteration patterns in bladder cancer, even between the different stages and grades of disease. In addition, genetic and epigenetic alterations have been demonstrated to play important roles during bladder tumorigenesis. This review will focus on bladder cancer-associated genomic and epigenomic alterations, which are common in bladder cancer and provide potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for bladder cancer treatment

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Identifying aggressive prostate cancer foci using a DNA methylation classifier

Sample purity. Figure S2. Sample dissimilarity. Figure S3. Unsupervised clustering and heatmaps. Figure S4. Input probes for GLMnet analysis. Figure S5. Distribution of clinical information for the 312 TCGA tumor samples predicted by our classifier. Figure S6. Beeswarm plots. Figure S7. Clinical follow-up information for predicted TCGA tumor samples. Figure S8. Density graph of T-PL dist 2. Table S1. Patient information. LN lymph node. Table S2. PC foci aggressiveness by patient. Table S3. 25-probe aggressiveness classifier. (PDF 1585 kb