Supplementary tables and figures.

Table A. Summary table of the concentrations and incubation times for the different taxa from the refined staining experiment. Fig A. Probability of larval survival for Acropora spathulata exposed to two stains at different concentration levels and incubation times. Colors indicate the strength of the larval stain at each stage (larval stage and settled larvae; inset key indicates none, light, medium, or strong staining), error bars = standard error. Data underlying this Figure can be found at https://doi.org/10.25919/4rry-xg84. Fig B. Probability of larval survival and larval settlement for Acropora spathulata exposed to four stains (neutral red, Nile blue, alizarin red, and calcein blue) at different concentration levels after 12 hours of incubation and control (unstained) larvae. Colors indicate the strength of the larval stain (see Fig 2 for legend). Pairwise differences indicate significant differences from control (ns = no significant difference, * = p p p https://doi.org/10.25919/4rry-xg84. Fig C. Example of a settlement tile with newly settled P. daedalea 8 days after spawning following a mixed staining treatment of 50% neutral red stain, 50% Nile blue stain under a light microscope. Red scale bar = 1 mm. Fig D. Probability of larval settlement for four species of coral exposed to neutral red and Nile blue stains at different concentration levels and incubation times. Data underlying this Figure can be found at https://doi.org/10.25919/4rry-xg84. Fig E. Procedural approaches to stain larvae at laboratory and field scales. (a) Staining coral larvae in small separators that are nesting in varying concentrations of neutral red and Nile blue solutions in 6-well cell culture plate wells for easy removal at different times and rinsing following removal. (b) Mixing of Nile blue staining in seawater into which (c) larvae are retained in the stain within large separators for easy removal and rinsing prior to deployment. (DOCX)</p

Field validation of larval staining: capture of wild-sampled coral spawn slicks showing high diversity of developing coral embryos, lab-based staining using Nile blue (1,000 mg l⁻¹ concentration for 60 minutes), and field deployment of competent stained and natural (unstained) larvae for detection on reef substrates.

Images supplied by authors.</p

Life history strategy of broadcast spawning corals, from the epipelagic release phase of sperm and eggs in mass spawning to the benthic stage of larval settlement and recruitment into the population.

Inset photographs are representative images of neutral red and Nile blue stains on larvae (colored vs. control unstained larvae in white) and recently settled life history phases. Clip art has been modified from [22] under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. Images (adult, larvae, settler) supplied by authors.</p

Representative images of free-swimming and newly metamorphosed larvae (Nile blue, unstained, neutral red) from <i>A</i>. <i>anthocercis</i>, <i>P</i>. <i>sinensis</i>, <i>C</i>. <i>aspera</i>, and mixed Nile blue and neutral red stained <i>D</i>. <i>favus</i> larvae.

White scale bars = 1 mm. Images supplied by authors.</p

Probability of larval survival and settlement for four species of coral exposed to neutral red and Nile blue stains at different concentration levels and incubation times.

For probability of settlement, the filled proportion of the circle indicates the proportion of surviving larvae. Differences in larval survival between treatments shown against controls (dash line), where no mortality was observed (100% survival). Inset notation for probability of settlement indicates significant differences from control within each species at an α of 0.05 (ns = no significant difference, * = p p p https://doi.org/10.25919/4rry-xg84.</p

Probability of larval survival and settlement for two species of coral exposed to four stains at different concentration levels and incubation times.

For probability of settlement, the filled proportion of the circle indicates the proportion of surviving larvae, and colors indicate the strength of the larval stain at each stage (larval stage and settled larvae; inset key indicates none, light, medium, or strong staining). Letters in bars indicate pairwise differences in probability of larval survival for A. spathulata. When a p value exceeds α = 0.05, then two means have at least one letter in common. Images supplied by authors. Data underlying this Figure can be found at https://doi.org/10.25919/4rry-xg84.</p

The potential of metrics to provide information on processes used in monitoring and resilience studies.

<p>Blue and red bars represent monitoring and resilience assessments respectively. Error bars represent standard errors.</p

Higher-level metrics used by monitoring and resilience studies.

<p>Blue and red areas represent monitoring programs and resilience assessments respectively. Axes points represent the proportion of studies within each study group that measured a given metric. Refer to <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0172064#pone.0172064.s003" target="_blank">S2 Table</a> for original metrics categorised under each higher-level metric.</p

Non-metric multidimensional scaling plot (nMDS) comparing metrics used by studies with monitoring and resilience objectives.

<p>AIMS = Long Term Monitoring Program, Australia Institute of Marine Science; AGGRA = Atlantic and Gulf Rapid Reef Assessment; CARICOMP = Caribbean Coastal Marine Productivity; CRAMP = Hawai‘i Coral Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program; CREMP = Coral Reef Evaluation and Monitoring Project by Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; IUCN = International Union for Conservation of Nature; NOAA BB = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment, Biogeography Branch.</p

Modelování tektonických poruch

Import 20/04/2006Prezenční výpůjčkaVŠB - Technická univerzita Ostrava. Fakulta stavební. Katedra (224) geotechniky a podzemního stavitelstv