Introduction: histories of asylums, insanity and psychiatry in Scotland

This paper introduces a special issue on ‘Histories of madness, asylums and psychiatry in Scotland’, situating the papers that follow in an outline historiography of work in this field. Using Allan Beveridge’s claims in 1993 about the relative lack of research on the history of psychiatry in Scotland, the paper reviews a range of contributions that have emerged since then, loosely distinguishing between ‘overviews’ – work addressing longer-term trends and broader periods and systems – and inquiries that get in deep with particular ‘individuals and institutions’. There remains much still to do, but the present special issue signals what is currently being achieved, not least by a new generation of scholars in and on Scotland

Further identification and treatment modalities in telephone mediated lightning strike

The results are presented of a prospective survey of people injured by lightning impulses transmitted by the public telephone system. The results are compared with those of a previous retrospective survey. Various deficiencies in the methodology of the latter survey are addressed. A division into a population with severe injury and a population with mild injury is made based on medical history and examination taken immediately after a strike. The best predictors of severe injury were found to be the presence of symptoms beyond one week after the strike, and also the initial presence of musculoskeletal injuries. Psychological upset is also seen to be a significant factor in severe injury. The only physical parameter of strike which could be used as a predictor of severe injury was the presence of concomitant power system damage. The importance of earth bonding between power and telephone system is thus supported in a protection strategy. One author draws on experience in treating patients with these injuries to propose a treatment regimen for those with ongoing symptoms. The importance of evaluating and treating psychological and physical aspects is stressed

Coming out as a human capitalist: community development at the nexus of people and place

Community development

Do Rising Top Incomes Lift All Boats?

Pooling data for 1905 to 2000, we find no systematic relationship between top income shares and economic growth in a panel of 12 developed nations observed for between 22 and 85 years. After 1960, however, a one percentage point rise in the top decile’s income share is associated with a statistically significant 0.12 point rise in GDP growth during the following year. This relationship is not driven by changes in either educational attainment or top tax rates. If the increase in inequality is permanent, the increase in growth appears to be permanent. However, our estimates imply that it would take 13 years for the cumulative positive effect of faster growth on the mean income of the bottom nine deciles to offset the negative effect of reducing their share of total income.inequality, growth, income distribution, national income

Do Rising Top Incomes Lift All Boats?

Pooling data for 1905 to 2000, we find no systematic relationship between top income shares and economic growth in a panel of 12 developed nations observed for between 22 and 85 years. After 1960, however, a one percentage point rise in the top decile's income share is associated with a statistically significant 0.12 point rise in GDP growth during the following year. This relationship is not driven by changes in either educational attainment or top tax rates. If the increase in inequality is permanent, the increase in growth appears to be permanent. However, our estimates imply that it would take 13 years for the cumulative positive effect of faster growth on the mean income of the bottom nine deciles to offset the negative effect of reducing their share of total income.inequality, growth, income distribution, national income

Stress and reproduction in domestic cats (Felis catus) as a model for endangered felids : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) Animal Science Group, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

Listed in 2021 Dean's List of Exceptional ThesesFigure 1 (=Johnson et al., 2006 Fig. 1) was removed for copyright reasons but may be accessed via https://www.jstor.org/stable/3843306 Also removed were published articles comprising Appendix 1 and Appendix 2 as they are are copyrighted to their publishers.Captive breeding programs are a vital component of the conservation strategies for felids, but these programs are often hindered by poor reproductive performance. Knowledge of reproductive biology is crucial to improving in situ and ex situ felid breeding programs. This thesis provided the first comprehensive systematic review of the literature available on the reproductive biology of the extant felid species. It was concluded that the high prevalence of teratospermia and highly variable oestrous cycles in felids contribute towards their poor reproductive performance in captivity. The captive environment has been linked to reduced ejaculate quality and ovarian quiescence in felids, but it is difficult to elucidate whether this is due to captivity-related stress (i.e., elevated glucocorticoid (GC) concentrations) or other factors associated with captivity. This thesis aimed to determine whether a simulated endocrine stress response (GC treatment) altered the testicular and ovarian function of felids using the domestic cat as a model species. While epididymal sperm motility was unaffected by GC treatments, the percentage of morphological abnormal sperm was higher in GC-treated cats than in control cats. This would likely have an adverse effect on fertility as morphologically abnormal sperm are rarely involved in the fertilisation process. Glucocorticoid treatments did not affect the ovarian response of cats in which follicular growth and development was stimulated by exogenous gonadotrophins. However, ooplasm and zona pellucida morphology was graded poorer in GC-treated animals than control animals. Whether this corresponds to a reduction in fertility is unclear as the fertilisation capabilities of oocytes were not assessed. It would be worth investigating whether GC administration affects the natural oestrous cycles of cats, as elevated GC concentrations associated with captivity have been linked to ovarian quiescence. However, this would require an accurate and minimally invasive (i.e., low stress) method for monitoring the ovarian cycles of domestic cats. Thus, this thesis investigated whether accelerometry and infrared thermography could be used to monitor the ovarian function of cats. It was found that accelerometry could be used to detect an increase in activity of cats following the induction of follicular growth with equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG). Infrared thermography also identified changes in perivulvar temperature (PVT) driven by follicular development and ovulation, with PVT increasing as follicular growth occurred and decreasing following ovulation. Both methods show promise; however, further investigation into the use of accelerometry and IR thermography for monitoring ovarian function is needed. In conclusion, the results of thesis indicate that GC have adverse effects on the testicular and ovarian function of domestic cats. Thus, there is an urgent need to further investigate the effects of captivity-related stress on the reproductive performance of non-domestic felids. Furthermore, this thesis assessed two promising non-invasive methods for monitoring the ovarian activity of cats, with the findings being highly applicable for the management and breeding of non-domestic felids in captivity