Hierarchical Linear Models on the Effect of Symptoms and Dispositional Traits on Mind Wandering Dimensions in the Laboratory (ARSQ 2.0, Day 1, Day7, backward regression).

<p>Hierarchical Linear Models on the Effect of Symptoms and Dispositional Traits on Mind Wandering Dimensions in the Laboratory (ARSQ 2.0, Day 1, Day7, backward regression).</p

Effects of ARSQ 2.0 MW dimensions on mind wandering, rumination, and positive and negative affect in daily life.

<p>Effects of ARSQ 2.0 MW dimensions on mind wandering, rumination, and positive and negative affect in daily life.</p

Descriptive statistics of the main variables assessed in the laboratory and in daily life (N = 43).

<p>Descriptive statistics of the main variables assessed in the laboratory and in daily life (N = 43).</p

Mediation effects of daily life mind wandering on the associations between ARSQ 2.0 ST lab dimensions and daily life mood.

<p>Mediation effects of daily life mind wandering on the associations between ARSQ 2.0 ST lab dimensions and daily life mood.</p

Schematic representation of the study procedure.

<p>PA = positive affect; NA = negative affect; ARSQ 2.0 = Amsterdam Resting-State Questionnaire Version 2.0.</p

Stability of the ARSQ 2.0 lab dimensions.

<p>Stability of the ARSQ 2.0 lab dimensions.</p

Mediating effects of uncontrollable rumination in daily life on the associations between ARSQ 2.0 ST lab dimensions and daily life mood.

<p>Mediating effects of uncontrollable rumination in daily life on the associations between ARSQ 2.0 ST lab dimensions and daily life mood.</p

Cognitive and affective trait and state factors influencing the long-term symptom course in remitted depressed patients

<div><p>Background</p><p>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by a high risk for relapses and chronic developments. Clinical characteristics such as residual symptoms have been shown to negatively affect the long-term course of MDD. However, it is unclear so far how trait repetitive negative thinking (RNT) as well as cognitive and affective momentary states, the latter experienced during daily-life, affect the long-term course of MDD.</p><p>Method</p><p>We followed up 57 remitted depressed (rMDD) individuals six (T2) and 36 (T3) months after baseline. Clinical outcomes were time to relapse, time spent with significant symptoms as a marker of chronicity, and levels of depressive symptoms at T2 and T3. Predictors assessed at baseline included residual symptoms and trait RNT. Furthermore, momentary daily life affect and momentary rumination, and their variation over the day were assessed at baseline using ambulatory assessment (AA).</p><p>Results</p><p>In multiple models, residual symptoms and instability of daily-life affect at baseline independently predicted a faster time to relapse, while chronicity was significantly predicted by trait RNT. Multilevel models revealed that depressive symptom levels during follow-up were predicted by baseline residual symptom levels and by instability of daily-life rumination. Both instability features were linked to a higher number of anamnestic MDD episodes.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Our findings indicate that trait RNT, but also affective and cognitive processes during daily life impact the longer-term course of MDD. Future longitudinal research on the role of respective AA-phenotypes as potential transdiagnostic course-modifiers is warranted.</p></div

Study design.

<p>Baseline predictors. (B) Diagnostic information to define outcome variables. BDI-II BeckDepressionInventory II. MADRS Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale. SCID-I Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis 1.</p

Estimated survival curve for remaining in remission in rMDD individuals with low and high instability of affective valence at baseline.

<p>(A) rMDD participants with low instability of affective valence (n = 28). (B) rMDD participants with high instability of affective valence (n = 28). Median split for illustrative purposes. Data from one participant were missing.</p