Aufbau eines Informationssystems für Wasserzeichen in den DFG-Handschriftenzentren

Die Württembergische Landesbibliothek, das Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, die Bayerische Staatsbibliothek und die Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig planen ein Projekt zur Errichtung eines Informationssystems für Wasserzeichen und deren Beschreibungen. Dieses soll den Aufbau und die Verwaltung digitaler Wasserzeichensammlungen erleichtern und sie über einen zentralen Zugriffspunkt im Internet für die Wissenschaft nutzbar machen. Zunächst ist vorgesehen, ein »Backend« für die dezentrale Dateneingabe zu schaffen, wozu ein bereits existierendes Erfassungsmodul der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften angepasst und weiterentwickelt werden kann. Die Darstellung der Inhalte im Internet soll über ein Online-Präsentationssystem erfolgen, das aufbauend auf dem bereits bestehenden Frontend von »Piccard-Online« entwickelt und mit zusätzlichen Funktionalitäten versehen werden soll. In das Informationssystem sollen zunächst die Nachweise der »Piccard-Online«-Anwendung und der noch nicht digitalisierten Piccard-Findbücher des Landesarchivs Baden-Württemberg sowie etwa 12.000 neue Wasserzeichen aus den drei oben genannten Handschriftenzentren eingebunden werden. Um eine homogene Eingabe in das Erfassungsmodul zu erreichen und differenziertere Suchfunktionen zu ermöglichen, werden Richtlinien für die Digitalisierung und Beschreibung von Wasserzeichen festgelegt. Weiter ist die Vernetzung mit fachverwandten Systemen wie z.B. »Manuscripta Mediaevalia« und dem »Bernstein«- Portal geplant

Patterns of Overeducation in Europe: The Role of Field of Study

This study investigates the incidence of overeducation among graduate workers in 21 European Union countries and its underlying factors based on the European Labor Force Survey 2016. Although controlling for a wide range of covariates, the particular interest lies in the role of fields of study for vertical educational mismatch. The study reveals country differences in the impact of these factors. Compared to Social sciences, male graduates from, for example, Education, Health and welfare, Engineering, and ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) are less and those from Services and Natural sciences are more at risk in a clear majority of countries. These findings are robust against changes of the standard education. Moreover, some fields show gender-specific risks. We suggest that occupational closure, productivity signals and gender stereotypes answer for these cross-field and cross-country differentials. Moreover, country fixed effects point to relevant structural differences between national labor markets and between educational systems

Decolonising economics and politics curricula in UK universities

© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives CC BY-NC-ND licence, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This article explores initiatives to decolonise the curriculum via two specific disciplines, namely Economics and Politics, both of which have tended to marginalise the study of race, empire, and colonialism and whose canonical thinkers are overwhelming white. By providing the first comparative analysis of decolonising initiatives in these disciplines, this article: investigates the extent to which Economics and Politics curricula in UK universities have been ‘decolonised’; explores the factors which affect support for or resistance to decolonisation; and analyses the extent to which these factors share common roots in both disciplines. Our comparative method allows us to shed light on drivers of resistance that affect all disciplines alike and those that are rooted within specific disciplines. Using an audit of UK undergraduate courses and a survey of academics, we show that neither Politics nor Economics can plausibly claim to have made much progress in decolonising curricula. However, more progress has been made in Politics, and Politics staff are more informed about and less hostile to decolonising initiatives than Economics staff. We locate one of the reasons for this difference in the epistemological and ideological idiosyncrasies of the dominant neoclassical paradigm in Economics. We therefore argue that initiatives to decolonise the curriculum must take into account potential discipline-specific obstacles.Peer reviewe

Vulnerability to Freshwater Changes in the Inuit Settlement Region of Nunatsiavut, Labrador: A Case Study from Rigolet

Drawing on vulnerability approaches from the climate change literature, this paper explores the vulnerability of residents of the community of Rigolet, Nunatsiavut, Labrador, to changes in freshwater. Our approach emphasizes local preferences and values. We analyze the results from 89 household interviews (88% response) and targeted interviews in Rigolet to consider the human experience of climate variability and change. Residents report that changes in the spatial and temporal distribution of freshwater are currently challenging their ability to access preferred drinking water and food sources and are adding to the financial barriers that restrict their time spent on the land. The results of our study suggest that Rigolet residents are successfully adapting to existing freshwater changes in their watershed, though these adaptations have not come without sacrifice. The adaptive capacity of Rigolet residents has been supported by resource flexibility and experience-based knowledge of freshwater variability within their watershed, among other factors. Findings suggest that the exposure of sub-Arctic and Arctic communities to freshwater changes and their capacity to adapt are largely shaped by the lifeways of residents and the manner and degree to which they are dependent on local freshwater systems.Cet article explore la vulnérabilité des résidents de Rigolet, au Nunatsiavut, Labrador, vis-à-vis des changements caractérisant l’eau douce en s’appuyant sur les approches de vulnérabilité puisées dans la documentation sur le changement climatique. Notre démarche met l’accent sur les préférences et les valeurs locales. Nous analysons les résultats de 89 entrevues réalisées auprès de divers ménages (taux de réponse de 88 %) et d’entrevues ciblées effectuées à Rigolet afin de considérer la réaction de l’être humain vis-à-vis de la variabilité et du changement climatique. Les résidents signalent que les changements enregistrés sur le plan de la répartition spatiale et temporelle de l’eau douce leur posent des difficultés pour ce qui est de l’accès à leurs sources préférées d’eau potable et de nourriture, ce qui a également pour effet d’amplifier les obstacles financiers, car ils restreignent le temps qu’ils passent sur la terre. Les résultats de notre étude suggèrent que les résidents de Rigolet réussissent à s’adapter aux changements caractérisant l’eau douce au sein de leur bassin hydrographique, mais que ces adaptations ne se sont pas faites sans sacrifices. La capacité d’adaptation des résidents de Rigolet a notamment été facilitée par la flexibilité des ressources et les connaissances de la variabilité de l’eau douce découlant de l’expérience au sein même de leur bassin hydrographique. Nos observations laissent entendre que les changements en matière d’eau douce que connaissent les communautés subarctiques et arctiques de même que leur capacité d’adaptation sont largement attribuables aux modes de vie des résidents et à la manière et au degré dont ils dépendent des réseaux d’eau douce de la région

Biochemical characterization of modular DNA-binding domains of novel TALE-like proteins

Members of the plant pathogenic bacterial genus Xanthomonas inject TALEs (Transcription Activator Like Effector) by a type III secretion system into host plant cells. Inside the plant cells TALEs bind and activate host genes thereby promoting bacterial disease. The DNA binding domain of TALEs is modular and consists of imperfect 33-35 long tandem-arranged amino acid repeats. Each repeat binds to a single nucleotide with position 13, determining base specificity. The base specificity of distinct residues in position 13 is known as the TALE code. This TALE code provides the possibility to create custom TALEs with desired DNA target specificity or to predict DNA targets of native TALEs. This work characterizes two new members of the TALEs, called TALE-likes: (1) Bats, which derive from the bacterium Burkholderia rhizoxinica and (2) MOrTLs, whose DNA sequences were found in a marine metagenomics database. We demonstrate that DNA binding preferences of these two classes of TALE-likes can be predicted with the TALE-code. Yet, some of the repeats have a lower base specificity than TALEs. Additionally the TALE-likes have a different affinity to DNA and higher protein stability compared to TALEs. Analysis of protein chimeras showed that repeats of TALEs and TALE-like proteins are compatible and can be used to create protein chimeras. The TALE-likes have different DNA affinities and protein stabilities as compared to the TALEs. They can be adapted to create new proteins and protein chimeras with new useful properties