Validation of a French version of the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory - short version: relationships between mindfulness and stress in an adult population

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Whereas interest in incorporating mindfulness into interventions in medicine is growing, data on the relationships of mindfulness to stress and coping in management is still scarce. This report first presents a French validation of the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory-short form (FMI) in a middle-aged working population. Secondly, it investigates the relationship between psychological adjustment and mindfulness.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Five hundred and six non-clinical middle-aged working individuals rated themselves on the self-report French version FMI and completed measures of psychological constructs potentially related to mindfulness levels.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Results were comparable to results of the original short version. Internal consistency of the scale based on the one-factor solution was .74, and test-retest reliability was good. The one-dimensional solution as the alternative to the two-factor structure solution yielded suboptimal fit indices. Correlations also indicated that individuals scoring high on mindfulness are prone to stress tolerance, positive affects and higher self-efficacy. Furthermore, subjects with no reports of stressful events were higher on mindfulness.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These data showed that mindfulness can be measured validly and reliably with the proposed French version of the FMI. The data also highlighted the relationship between mindfulness and stress in an adult population. Mindfulness appears to reduce negative appraisals of challenging or threatening events.</p

A propos d'une observation concernant la perception visuelle du nourrisson pendant le premier mois de la vie.

The present work is devoted to approach the following important problem concerning the psychology of the infant's visual function during the first month of life. The paper is divided into three parts : 1° Review of former investigations on infant's perception with description of the various and opposed opinions which constitute our « knowledge » about this domain. 2° Description voluntarily limited to one single case. Means of research and experimental way of study and finally results are submitted with comments. 3° Methodological consideration concerning the opportunity of an ethological behaviour in the above mentionned domain of research. Rather than a complete and definitive study of this problem, the present work in given as a starting point, and after methodological and theoretical general reflexion, a method for observation of the infant's visual function during the first month of life is suggested. A subsequent investigation made on a group of infants really will lead to generalizing of the existing conclusions, as well at the theoretical point of view that at the methodological one.Ce travail se propose d'aborder un problème qui reste une interrogation importante dans la psychologie du nourrisson : celui de la fonction visuelle au cours du premier mois de la vie. L 'étude comporte trois parties : 1° une revue de travaux antérieurs sur la perception du nourrisson et l'exposé des opinions contradictoires qui constituent notre « connaissance » en ce domaine. 2° une observation volontairement limitée à une seule « étude de cas ». Après les moyens d'étude et la conduite expérimentale, les résultats sont présentés, accompagnés de commentaires. 3° une réflexion méthodologique, sur l'opportunité de l'attitude éthologique dans le domaine précis. Plus qu 'une étude exhaustive et définitive de la question, ce travail se propose comme un point de départ : il présente une méthode d'observation de la fonction visuelle du nourrisson au cours du premier mois de la vie. Une étude ultérieure menée sur une population de nourrissons pourrait apporter une généralisation des conclusions actuelles, tant du point de vue théorique que méthodologique.Wittling Marcelle, Raphel Christian. A propos d'une observation concernant la perception visuelle du nourrisson pendant le premier mois de la vie.. In: Enfance, tome 34, n°4-5, 1981. pp. 311-320

Effects of external feedback about body tilt: Influence on the Subjective Proprioceptive Horizon.

The present study investigated a cognitive aspect upon spatial perception, namely the impact of a true or false verbal feedback (FB) about the magnitude of body tilt on Subjective Proprioceptive Horizon (SPH) estimates. Subjects were asked to set their extended arm normal to gravity for different pitch body tilts up to 9 degrees . True FB were provided at all body tilt angles, whereas false FB were provided only at 6 degrees backward and 6 degrees forward body tilts for half of the trials. Our data confirmed previous results about the egocentric influence of body tilt itself upon SPH: estimates were linearly lowered with forward tilts and elevated with backward tilts. In addition, results showed a significant effect of the nature of the external FB provided to the subjects. When subjects received a false FB inducing a 3 degrees forward bias relative to physical body tilt, they set their SPH consequently higher than when they received a false FB inducing a 3 degrees backward bias. These findings clearly indicated that false cognitive information about body tilt might significantly modify the judgement of a geocentric direction of space, such as the SPH. This may have deleterious repercussions in aeronautics when pilots have to localize external objects relative to earth-based directions in darkened environments

Contribution of somesthetic cues to the perception of body orientation and subjective visual vertical.

Without relevant visual cues, the subjective visual vertical (SVV) is biased in roll-tilted subjects toward the body axis (Aubert or A-effect). This study focused on the role of the somatosensory system with respect to the SVV and on whether somesthetic cues act through the estimated body tilt. The body cast technology was used to obtain a diffuse tactile stimulation. An increased A-effect was expected because of a greater underestimation of the body position in the body cast. Sixteen subjects placed in a tilt chair were rolled sideways from 0 degrees to 105 degrees. They were asked to verbally indicate their subjective body position and then to adjust a luminous line to the vertical under strapped and body cast conditions. Results showed a greater A-effect (p < .001) but an overestimation of the body orientation (p < .01) in the body cast condition for the higher tilt values (beyond 60 degrees). Since the otolith organs produced the same gravity response in both conditions, errors were due to a change in somesthetic cues. Visual and postural errors were not directly related (no correlation). However, the angular distance between the apparent body position and the SW remained stable, suggesting that the change in somatosensory pattern inputs has a similar impact on the cognitive processes involved in assessing the perception of external space and the sense of self-position

Implications vestibulaires et somesthésiques dans la perception de l'orientation du corps dans l'espace

Ce travail de doctorat s'intéresse aux implications vestibulaires et somesthétiques dans la perception de l'orientation du corps dans l'espace. Une première série d'expériences renforce notre hypothèse selon laquelle, pour de faibles vitesses de rotation angulaire, le système vestibulaire ne remplit pas naturellement la fonction de capteur absolu de gravité, comme cela est habituellement admis dans la litérature. A contrario, ce sont les indices somesthésiques qui se montrent les plus pertinents dans le traitement des informations relatives à la perception de l'orientation posturale quasi-statique. Ainsi, le seuil de détection d'un changement d'orientation du corps réalisé dans l'obscurité à très faible vitesse angulaire(0,05 deg.s-1) apparaît plus élevé lorsque des sujets sont maintenus dans un dispositif qui atténue les indices gravitaires tactiles et proprioceptifs (matelas-coquille) que lorsque les sujets sont immobilisés par de simples sangles. Les jugements de la verticale posturale subjective nt également moins précis en condition matelas-coquille. Ces résultats sont complétés par des observations faites chez des sujets déficients vestibulaires bilatéraux totaux dont les seuils de détection d'une inclinaison corporelle sont identiques à ceux relevés chez les sujets sains lorsque les informations somesthésiques restent totalement disponibles. Toutefois, la pratique intense d'une activité motrice nécessitant un contrôle postural précis comme la gymnastique sportive entraîne une nette amélioration des jugements perceptifs relevés dans les expériences précédentes. Ceci suggère que la qualité informationnelle des entrées sensorielles de même que les modèles internes d'orientation sollicités peuvent être améliorés au moyen d'un entraînement spécifique.GRENOBLE1-BU Sciences (384212103) / SudocSudocFranceF