Clinical outcome after 2 years evaluated by the Modified Cincinnati Knee Rating System

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Treatment of posttraumatic and focal osteoarthritic cartilage defects of the knee with autologous polymer-based three-dimensional chondrocyte grafts: 2-year clinical results"</p><p>http://arthritis-research.com/content/9/2/R41</p><p>Arthritis Research & Therapy 2007;9(2):R41-R41.</p><p>Published online 23 Apr 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1906819.</p><p></p> The score from this system is shown for the entire patient cohort compared with patients with posttraumatic and mild degenerative defects (Jaeger-Wirth score < 3) and patients with osteoarthritic defects (Jaeger-Wirth score = 3). The preoperative and follow-up times are as indicated. Scores are presented as medians; the ends of the boxes define the 25th and 75th centiles, and error bars the 10th and 90th centiles. Where indicated (asterisks), differences were statistically significant (< 0.05) compared with the preoperative situation

Histological analysis of second-look biopsy tissue from patients treated with BioSeed-C

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Treatment of posttraumatic and focal osteoarthritic cartilage defects of the knee with autologous polymer-based three-dimensional chondrocyte grafts: 2-year clinical results"</p><p>http://arthritis-research.com/content/9/2/R41</p><p>Arthritis Research & Therapy 2007;9(2):R41-R41.</p><p>Published online 23 Apr 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1906819.</p><p></p> At 9 to 12 months after implantation, second-look biopsy tissue was stained for proteoglycans with alcian blue. One patient's biopsy tissue showed the formation of mixed repair tissue with areas of fibrocartilage ((c), black triangle) and hyaline-like cartilage ((c), white triangle) and a firm bonding to the subchondral bone that was undergoing remodeling ((c), asterisk). Biopsy tissue from three patients shows the formation of a hyaline-like cartilaginous repair tissue with intense staining of proteoglycans by alcian blue (e-h), good integration with the underlying bone tissue (f), viable, round cells within lacunae (g) and a smooth surface (h). Chondrocytes showed a columnar distribution and some clustering (g-j). Hematoxylin/eosin staining (i, j) of biopsy tissue of two patients confirmed the presence of viable chondrocytes and the absence of abnormal calcification, apoptosis, necrosis or formation of a fibrous repair tissue

Arthroscopic and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of cartilage defects treated with autologous chondrocyte grafts (BioSeed-C)

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Treatment of posttraumatic and focal osteoarthritic cartilage defects of the knee with autologous polymer-based three-dimensional chondrocyte grafts: 2-year clinical results"</p><p>http://arthritis-research.com/content/9/2/R41</p><p>Arthritis Research & Therapy 2007;9(2):R41-R41.</p><p>Published online 23 Apr 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1906819.</p><p></p> Intra-operative situation of a cartilage defect situated at the femoral condyle covered with transosseously fixed BioSeed-C (20 mm × 30 mm). Note that the healthy cartilage rim is partly intact. At 9 months after surgery, second-look arthroscopy showed the formation of a cartilage repair tissue of a tough condition (asterisk). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 6 months and 12 months after implantation of BioSeed-C shows transosseous drilling holes (white asterisks) due to fixation of the graft. The repair tissue covers the defect (white triangles) and gives a slightly altered MRI signal

TGF-β1 down-regulates TGF-β receptor 1 and 2 gene expression, and PDGF down-regulates TGF-β receptor 2 gene expression.

<p>Data are representative of four performed experiments with triplicate measurements from each individual patient sample (n = 12 for all groups). The results are plotted as fold changes of the median in the control group according to the paired non-parametric Wilcoxon test used for the statistical analysis. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.</p

MFs isolated from human joint capsules used in this study: Morphology and intracellular expression of the marker alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA).

<p>Differentiated MFs in native cell cultures were characterized by a typical flattened morphology, becoming confluent during culture (A). Immunohistological staining for the MF cell marker α-SMA in confluent cell cultures (B-C) in the form of stress fibres (C). Scale bars = 100 μm in A and B; bar = 50 μm in C.</p

Cell viability and proliferative capacity of MFs upon stimulation with TGF-β1 and PDGF with or without the inhibitors suramin, SOD or TGF-β1 antibody.

<p>The effect of TGF-β1 (0.1 and 10 ng/ml) and PDGF (1 and 10 ng/ml) with or without the growth factor inhibitors SOD (500 IU/ml), suramin (50 μg/ml) or the TGF-β1 antibody (5 μg/ml) on myofibroblast cell viability. Data are representative of twenty experiments with cells from twenty different individuals for the control group A and from four individuals for the groups B to L with four replicate measurements from each individual patient sample (n = 80 for the control, n = 16 for all other groups). The results are plotted as % of the median in the control group according to the paired non-parametric Wilcoxon test used for the statistical analysis. *p<0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide.</p

The effect of TGF-β1 and PDGF with and without SOD, suramin and TGF-β1 antibody on ECM contraction.

<p>Gel surface areas in the presence or absence of TGF-β1 (0.1 and 10 ng/ml) and PDGF (1 and 10 ng/ml) and in the presence and absence of SOD (500 IU/ml), suramin (50 μg/ml) or TGF-β1 antibodies (5 μg/ml) following the groups listed in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0145948#pone.0145948.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a> were scanned and calculated as described in the Materials and Methods. Data are representative of nine performed experiments with cells from nine different individuals for control group A and from four individuals for groups B to L, with triplicate measurements from each individual patient sample (n = 27 for the control, n = 12 for all other groups). The results are plotted as % of the median in the control group according to the paired non-parametric Wilcoxon test used for the statistical analysis. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.</p