Optimierung des Kartoffelanbaus im ökologischen Landbau hinsichtlich der Weiterverarbeitung zu Pommes frites und Chips

Voraussetzungen für einen erfolgreichen Anbau von Verarbeitungskartoffeln sind außer einem hohen Ertrag vor allem die von der Kartoffel verarbeitenden Industrie geforderten produktspezifischen Qualitäten für Pommes frites und Chips. Für die Verarbeitung zu Pommes frites muss z.B. ein hoher Anteil großfallender Knollen realisiert werden oder bei Chipskartoffeln bestehen strenge Vorgaben für die Gehalte an reduzierenden Zuckern. Um hohe Zuckergehalte zu vermeiden, erfolgt die Kartoffellagerung bei 8°C, was erhöhte Ansprüche an die Lagerfähigkeit bedeutet. In dem gemeinsam von der Universität Kassel (FG Ökologischer Land- und Pflanzenbau, Projektleitung), der FAL (Institut für ökologischen Landbau), der Universität Kiel (Institut für Pflanzenbau und Pflanzenzüchtung) und der BFEL (Institut für Getreide-, Kartoffel- und Stärketechnologie) bearbeiteten Projekt wurden daher Strategien für die Erzeugung qualitativ hochwertiger Verarbeitungskartoffeln geprüft. Der Sortenwahl kommt die entscheidende Bedeutung zu. So können für eine Verarbeitung zu Pommes frites die Sorten Agria und Marena empfohlen werden, die bei hohen Erträgen marktfähiger Ware (>50 mm) eine gute Qualität zur Ernte und nach Lagerung zeigten. Für die Verarbeitung zu Chips ist die Sorte Marlen geeignet, die sich als relativ lagerstabil erwies. In Abhängigkeit der Ausreife der Kartoffeln kann der Richtwert für die reduzierenden Zucker nach Lagerung schnell überschritten werden. Hier stellen die 4°C-Sorten Sempra und Verdi eine Alternative dar, wobei deren Ertragsniveau nicht zufriedenstellend war. Die weiteren Ergebnisse belegen, dass alle pflanzenbaulichen Möglichkeiten hinsichtlich einer guten Nährstoff- und Wasserversorgung sowie der Pflanzgutvorbereitung ausgeschöpft werden sollten, um hohe Erträge mit der notwendigen Sortierung bei ansprechender Rohstoffqualität zu erzielen. Als Vorfrucht eignen sich insbesondere Leguminosen (Körnererbsen mit anschl. Zwischenfrucht oder Kleegras). Das Kleegrasmanagement (Schnitt- oder Mulchnutzung) hat keinen wesentlichen Einfluss auf den Ertrag, die Sortierung und die Produktqualität. Auf leichten Böden empfiehlt sich der Einsatz einer qualitätsfördernden Düngung von Kalium – entweder über Stallmist oder mit den im Ökologischen Landbau zugelassenen mineralischen Kaliumdüngern. Eine gleichmäßige Wasserversorgung muss auf leichten Standorten über Beregnung sichergestellt werden, die auch zu einer verbesserten N-Ausnutzung organischer Dünger beitragen kann. Der Einsatz N-haltiger organischer Dünger (Horngrieß) wies im Vergleich zu Stallmist eine bessere Wirkung auf. Pflanzenbauliche Maßnahmen hatten zwar einen Einfluss auf die Verarbeitungsqualität, diese wurde aber stärker von der Witterung und dem davon abhängigen Wachstumsverlauf beeinflusst. Zusammenfassend kann festgehalten werden, dass der Anbau von Verarbeitungskartoffeln unter Einbeziehung der standort- und betriebsspezifischen Gegebenheiten erfolgreich betrieben werden kann

Kpando, Ghana. Investigating Townscapes and Soundscapes of the German Colonial Period: Building Archaeology, (Oral) Histories and Sound Studies in the Volta Region. Research in 2024

The »Volta-German Shared Colonial Heritage Project« focuses on the archaeology and ›shared heritage‹ of German colonialism in the former Togo/Togoland colony. Following up on initial (field) research in 2022 and 2023, the Ghanaian and German project partners successfully ran an extended field season at Kpando in early 2024. Four lines of investigation were developed. The first involved detailed building archaeological studies of the Palace of the Paramount Chief as well as the so-called Sisters Convent in preparation for rehabilitation planning. The second study expanded research into the urban fabric of Kpando. Historic buildings were described and mapped with the aim of gaining a better understanding of the evolution of the town during the German colonial period. Intercultural building practices were of particular interest. A third line of research supplemented the above studies with investigations of historical sources as well as the documentation of local knowledge of the history of Kpando in the form of personal and family histories. As family histories are manifested in the built fabric of the town, this study adds an important local perspective to our investigations of building cultures during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The fourth study initiated systematic research on colonial-period soundscapes in the Volta Region and beyond. Numerous church bells were documented, adding a new facet to the study of the ›shared heritage‹ of German colonialism in Africa.Das »Volta-German Shared Colonial Heritage Project« beschäftigt sich mit der Archäologie und dem ›gemeinsamen Erbe‹ des deutschen Kolonialismus in der ehemaligen Kolonie Togo/Togoland. Im Anschluss an erste (Feld-)Forschungen in den Jahren 2022 und 2023 führten die ghanaischen und deutschen Projektpartner Anfang 2024 erfolgreich eine erweiterte Feldsaison durch. Es wurden vier Projektstränge entwickelt. Der erste umfasste detaillierte bauhistorische Untersuchungen des Palastes des Paramount Chief sowie des sog. Sisters Convent, die Voraussetzung für die Sanierungsplanung sind. Mit der zweiten Studie wurde die Erforschung des Stadtgefüges von Kpando erweitert. Historische Gebäude wurden beschrieben und kartiert, um ein besseres Verständnis der Entwicklung der Stadt während der deutschen Kolonialzeit zu erhalten. Von besonderem Interesse waren dabei interkulturelle Baupraktiken. Ein dritter Forschungszweig ergänzte die oben genannten Studien durch die Untersuchung historischer Quellen sowie die Dokumentation von lokalem Wissen über die Geschichte Kpandos. Da sich Familiengeschichten in der Bausubstanz der Stadt manifestieren, fügt diese Studie unseren Untersuchungen der Baukulturen des späten 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhunderts eine lokale Perspektive hinzu. Mit der vierten Studie wurde die systematische Erforschung der kolonialzeitlichen ›Klangschaften‹ in der Volta-Region und darüber hinaus eingeleitet. Die Dokumentation zahlreicher Kirchenglocken fügt der Untersuchung des ›gemeinsamen Erbes‹  des deutschen Kolonialismus in Afrika eine neue Facette hinzu

Characterization of a Lipoyl Domain-independent B-cell Autoepitope on the Human Branched-chain Acyltransferase in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis and Overlap Syndrome with Autoimmune Hepatitis

Background and aims: Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) which recognize pyruvate acetyltransferase (PDC-E2) represent a highly diagnostic feature of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). The analysis of immunofluorescence (IF)-AMA-positive sera in PBC patients indicates a conformational epitope located within the lipoyl binding domain of bovine branched-chain acyltransferase (BCKADC-E2) alone or in combination with AMA directed against PDC-E2 the significance of which is presently unclear. In the present study, immunoreactivities and disease associations of AMA against BCKADC-E2 were analyzed. B-cell autoepitopes on BCKADC-E2 were mapped by immunoprecipitation assay

Mobocertinib in Patients with EGFR Exon 20 Insertion-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (MOON): An International Real-World Safety and Efficacy Analysis

Abstract EGFR exon 20 (EGFR Ex20) insertion mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are insensitive to traditional EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Mobocertinib is the only approved TKI specifically designed to target EGFR Ex20. We performed an international, real-world safety and efficacy analysis on patients with EGFR Ex20-positive NSCLC enrolled in a mobocertinib early access program. We explored the mechanisms of resistance by analyzing postprogression biopsies, as well as cross-resistance to amivantamab. Data from 86 patients with a median age of 67 years and a median of two prior lines of treatment were analyzed. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 95% of patients. Grade ≥3 TRAEs were reported in 38% of patients and included diarrhea (22%) and rash (8%). In 17% of patients, therapy was permanently discontinued, and two patients died due to TRAEs. Women were seven times more likely to discontinue treatment than men. In the overall cohort, the objective response rate to mobocertinib was 34% (95% CI, 24–45). The response rate in treatment-naïve patients was 27% (95% CI, 8–58). The median progression-free and overall survival was 5 months (95% CI, 3.5–6.5) and 12 months (95% CI, 6.8–17.2), respectively. The intracranial response rate was limited (13%), and one-third of disease progression cases involved the brain. Mobocertinib also showed antitumor activity following EGFR Ex20-specific therapy and vice versa. Potential mechanisms of resistance to mobocertinib included amplifications in MET, PIK3CA, and NRAS. Mobocertinib demonstrated meaningful efficacy in a real-world setting but was associated with considerable gastrointestinal and cutaneous toxicity.Abstract EGFR exon 20 (EGFR Ex20) insertion mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are insensitive to traditional EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Mobocertinib is the only approved TKI specifically designed to target EGFR Ex20. We performed an international, real-world safety and efficacy analysis on patients with EGFR Ex20-positive NSCLC enrolled in a mobocertinib early access program. We explored the mechanisms of resistance by analyzing postprogression biopsies, as well as cross-resistance to amivantamab. Data from 86 patients with a median age of 67 years and a median of two prior lines of treatment were analyzed. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 95% of patients. Grade ≥3 TRAEs were reported in 38% of patients and included diarrhea (22%) and rash (8%). In 17% of patients, therapy was permanently discontinued, and two patients died due to TRAEs. Women were seven times more likely to discontinue treatment than men. In the overall cohort, the objective response rate to mobocertinib was 34% (95% CI, 24–45). The response rate in treatment-naïve patients was 27% (95% CI, 8–58). The median progression-free and overall survival was 5 months (95% CI, 3.5–6.5) and 12 months (95% CI, 6.8–17.2), respectively. The intracranial response rate was limited (13%), and one-third of disease progression cases involved the brain. Mobocertinib also showed antitumor activity following EGFR Ex20-specific therapy and vice versa. Potential mechanisms of resistance to mobocertinib included amplifications in MET, PIK3CA, and NRAS. Mobocertinib demonstrated meaningful efficacy in a real-world setting but was associated with considerable gastrointestinal and cutaneous toxicity

Phenotypic Detection of Clonotypic B Cells in Multiple Myeloma by Specific Immunoglobulin Ligands Reveals their Rarity in Multiple Myeloma

In multiple myeloma, circulating “clonotypic” B cells, that express the immunoglobulin rearrangement of the malignant plasma cell clone, can be indirectly detected by PCR. Their role as potential “feeder” cells for the malignant plasma cell pool remains controversial. Here we established for the first time an approach that allows direct tracking of such clonotypic cells by labeling with patient-specific immunoglobulin ligands in 15 patients with myeloma. Fifty percent of patients showed evidence of clonotypic B cells in blood or bone marrow by PCR. Epitope-mimicking peptides from random libraries were selected on each patient's individual immunoglobulin and used as ligands to trace cells expressing the idiotypic immunoglobulin on their surface. We established a flow cytometry and immunofluorescence protocol to track clonotypic B cells and validated it in two independent monoclonal B cell systems. Using this method, we found clonotypic B cells in only one out of 15 myeloma patients. In view of the assay's validated sensitivity level of 10−3, this surprising data suggests that the abundance of such cells has been vastly overestimated in the past and that they apparently represent a very rare population in myeloma. Our novel tracing approach may open perspectives to isolate and analyze clonotypic B cells and determine their role in myeloma pathobiology

Mobocertinib in Patients with EGFR Exon 20 Insertion-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (MOON): An International Real-World Safety and Efficacy Analysis

EGFR exon 20 (EGFR Ex20) insertion mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are insensitive to traditional EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Mobocertinib is the only approved TKI specifically designed to target EGFR Ex20. We performed an international, real-world safety and efficacy analysis on patients with EGFR Ex20-positive NSCLC enrolled in a mobocertinib early access program. We explored the mechanisms of resistance by analyzing postprogression biopsies, as well as cross-resistance to amivantamab. Data from 86 patients with a median age of 67 years and a median of two prior lines of treatment were analyzed. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 95% of patients. Grade ≥3 TRAEs were reported in 38% of patients and included diarrhea (22%) and rash (8%). In 17% of patients, therapy was permanently discontinued, and two patients died due to TRAEs. Women were seven times more likely to discontinue treatment than men. In the overall cohort, the objective response rate to mobocertinib was 34% (95% CI, 24-45). The response rate in treatment-naïve patients was 27% (95% CI, 8-58). The median progression-free and overall survival was 5 months (95% CI, 3.5-6.5) and 12 months (95% CI, 6.8-17.2), respectively. The intracranial response rate was limited (13%), and one-third of disease progression cases involved the brain. Mobocertinib also showed antitumor activity following EGFR Ex20-specific therapy and vice versa. Potential mechanisms of resistance to mobocertinib included amplifications in MET, PIK3CA, and NRAS. Mobocertinib demonstrated meaningful efficacy in a real-world setting but was associated with considerable gastrointestinal and cutaneous toxicity

Duales Studium aus arbeitsrechtlicher Perspektive | Dual Studierende im Spannungsverhältnis zwischen Arbeitsrecht und Hochschulrecht

Der Autor untersucht die arbeitsrechtliche Dimension des dualen Studiums, das sich als Hybridformat mit seiner systematischen Theorie-Praxis-Verzahnung in verschiedene Erscheinungsformen unterteilt. Dabei kommt er zu dem Ergebnis, dass das Berufsbildungsgesetz (BBiG) als passendes Regulativ zur rechtlichen Einhegung der Praxisphasen dualer Studiengänge taugt. Durch das bestehende individual- und kollektivarbeitsrechtliche Regelungssystem sind dual Studierende im Betrieb hinreichend geschützt. An der Schnittstelle von Arbeitsrecht und Hochschulrecht wird eine Aufspaltung des privatrechtlichen Praxisphasenvertrages vom öffentlich-rechtlichen Studienverhältnis vorgenommen. Unter Berücksichtigung kompetenzrechtlicher Wertungen sind die Praxis- und Theoriephasen nicht als öffentlich-rechtliche Einheit, sondern rechtlich getrennt voneinander zu betrachten. In einem zweiten Schritt werden die Folgen der Anwendbarkeit des BBiG – insbesondere auf die Vertragsgestaltungspraxis – untersucht.»Dual Studies from a Labour Law Perspective. Dual Track Students in the Area of Tension between Labour Law and Higher Education Law«: The author examines the labour law dimension of dual studies, a hybrid format with its systematic interlinking of theory and practice, which is subdivided into different types. He comes to the conclusion that the Vocational Training Act (BBiG) is an appropriate regulation for the legal containment of the practical phases of dual study programmes. The existing individual and collective labour law system provides sufficient protection for dual track students in the company

Interpretation of Raman spectra of the zircon-hafnon solid solution

Zircon (ZrSiO4), hafnon (HfSiO4) and five intermediate compositions were synthesized from a Pb silicate melt. The resulting crystals were 20-300 mu m in size and displayed sector and growth zoning. Raman spectra were acquired at locations in the sample for which preceding electron microprobe (EMP) analyses revealed sufficient compositional homogeneity. The dataset documents shifts of Raman bands with changing composition. In this study, bands that have previously not been reported were found for the intermediate compositions and for pure hafnon, in particular at wavenumbers less than 200 cm(-1). For these external modes, the dataset provides new insight into the compositional dependence of their frequencies. Density-functional theory calculations support the observations and are used for a detailed interpretation of the spectra. The pitfalls of the EMP analysis along the zircon-hafnon join are highlighted