Reliability of the Cutting Alignment Scoring Tool (CAST) to Assess Trunk and Limb Alignment During a 45-Degree Side-Step Cut

# Background Three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis is considered the gold standard for evaluating human movement. However, its clinical utility is limited due to cost, operating expertise, and lengthy data processing time. Numerous qualitative scoring systems have been introduced to assess trunk and lower extremity biomechanics during functional tasks. However, the reliability of qualitative scoring systems to evaluate cutting movements is understudied. Purpose/Hypotheses: To assess the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of the Cutting Alignment Scoring Tool (CAST) among sports medicine providers and to evaluate rater agreement of each component of the CAST. The hypotheses were: 1) there would be good–to-excellent inter-rater and intra-rater reliability among sports medicine providers, 2) there would be good to almost perfect agreement for cut width and trunk lean variables and moderate to good agreement for valgus variables of the CAST. # Study Design Repeated Measures # Methods Ten videos of a 45-degree side-step cut performed by adolescent athletes were independently rated on two occasions by six raters (2 medical doctors, 2 physical therapists, and 2 athletic trainers). The variables assessed include trunk lean to the opposite direction of the cut, increased cut width, knee valgus at initial load acceptance (static), and knee valgus throughout the task (dynamic). Variables were scored as either present, which were given a score of “1”, or not present, which were given a score of “0”. Video sequence was randomized in each rating session, and a two-week wash out period was given. # Results The cumulative inter-rater and intra-rater reliabilities were good (ICC: 0.808 and ICC: 0.753). Almost perfect kappa coefficients were recorded for cut width (k=0.949). Moderate kappa coefficients were found for trunk lean (k= 0.632) and fair kappa coefficients were noted for dynamic and static valgus (k=0.462 and k= 0.533 respectively). # Conclusion These findings suggest that the CAST is a reliable tool to evaluate trunk and LE alignment during a cutting task by sports medicine providers. # Level of Evidence Level 2 Diagnosi

Discours présidentiels et de présidentielles

Ce numéro spécial de notre revue est entièrement consacré aux discours présidentiels et de présidentielles. Il s’agit de proposer une recension de recherches prenant pour objets les discours de titulaires de la fonction présidentielle ou ceux de personnes de tout statut intervenant dans la compétition présidentielle, que ce soit pour y participer ou pour en rendre compte. Une série d’articles courts, signés de spécialistes reconnus, traite de la France, mais aussi d’autres pays dont le premier personnage de l’État est élu au suffrage universel, comme l’Argentine, les États-Unis, la Pologne ou le Portugal. Ces synthèses seront utiles aux spécialistes, mais aussi à quiconque voudra prendre quelque distance vis-à-vis de l’actualité immédiate. This Special issue of our journal is entirely devoted to presidential speeches and presidential electoral campaigns. It proposes a research recension taking as objects speeches of holders of the presidential office or those of various categories who intervene in the presidential contest, whether to take part in it or to report about it. A series of short articles, signed by recognised experts, will deal with France, but also other countries whose head of the state is elected by universal suffrage, such as Argentina, the United States, Poland and Portugal. These syntheses will be useful to specialists but also to whoever will take some distance towards the immediate news. 112, número especial de nuestra revista : es totalmente dedicado a los discursos presidenciales y de las elecciones presidenciales. Se trata de proponer una reseña de investigaciones cuyo objetos son los discursos de los titulares de la función presidencial o los de las personas de todo tipo de estatuto que intervienen en la competición presidencial, como participantes o para comunicar información. Una serie de artículos cortos, firmados por especialistas reconocidos, tiene como objeto Francia, pero también otros países cuyo primer representante del Estado es elegido al sufragio universal, como Argentina, Estados Unidos, Polonia o Portugal. Estas síntesis no son solamente útiles para los especialistas, pero para el que quiere también tomar alguna distancia con la actualidad inmediata

Discours présidentiels et de présidentielles

Ce numéro spécial de notre revue est entièrement consacré aux discours présidentiels et de présidentielles. Il s’agit de proposer une recension de recherches prenant pour objets les discours de titulaires de la fonction présidentielle ou ceux de personnes de tout statut intervenant dans la compétition présidentielle, que ce soit pour y participer ou pour en rendre compte. Une série d’articles courts, signés de spécialistes reconnus, traite de la France, mais aussi d’autres pays dont le premier personnage de l’État est élu au suffrage universel, comme l’Argentine, les États-Unis, la Pologne ou le Portugal. Ces synthèses seront utiles aux spécialistes, mais aussi à quiconque voudra prendre quelque distance vis-à-vis de l’actualité immédiate. This Special issue of our journal is entirely devoted to presidential speeches and presidential electoral campaigns. It proposes a research recension taking as objects speeches of holders of the presidential office or those of various categories who intervene in the presidential contest, whether to take part in it or to report about it. A series of short articles, signed by recognised experts, will deal with France, but also other countries whose head of the state is elected by universal suffrage, such as Argentina, the United States, Poland and Portugal. These syntheses will be useful to specialists but also to whoever will take some distance towards the immediate news. 112, número especial de nuestra revista : es totalmente dedicado a los discursos presidenciales y de las elecciones presidenciales. Se trata de proponer una reseña de investigaciones cuyo objetos son los discursos de los titulares de la función presidencial o los de las personas de todo tipo de estatuto que intervienen en la competición presidencial, como participantes o para comunicar información. Una serie de artículos cortos, firmados por especialistas reconocidos, tiene como objeto Francia, pero también otros países cuyo primer representante del Estado es elegido al sufragio universal, como Argentina, Estados Unidos, Polonia o Portugal. Estas síntesis no son solamente útiles para los especialistas, pero para el que quiere también tomar alguna distancia con la actualidad inmediata