Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Impact of the estimation equation for GFR on population-based prevalence estimates of kidney dysfunction

Bland-Altman plots for comparison between Full Age Spectrum creatinine equation (FAScre) and the other equations used to estimate GFR among 7001 adults aged 18–79 in Germany 2008–2011 (DEGS1). MDRD: Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study equation; CKD-EPIcre: Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration creatinine equation; CKD-EPIcys: Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration cystatin C equation; CKD-EPIcrecys: Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration creatinine and cystatin C equation; LM: Lund-Malmö equation; FAScre: Full Age Spectrum creatinine equation. Solid, horizontal lines represent the mean difference between the eGFR. Dashed, horizontal lines represent the limit of agreement between the equations. Solid, vertical lines represent the eGFR cut-off value of a decreased kidney function (60 ml/min/1.73m2). (PDF 422 kb

Age-classified current MHT use prevalence in the two German national health surveys conducted before (1997–1999) and after (2003–2004) the EPT-WHI study

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Differences in Menopausal Hormone Therapy Use among Women in Germany between 1998 and 2003"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6874/7/19</p><p>BMC Women's Health 2007;7():19-19.</p><p>Published online 18 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2233614.</p><p></p> MHT = Menopausal hormone therapy. EPT-WHI = combined estrogen plus progestin therapy arm of the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.001, compared to age specific prevalence in the 1997–1999 survey

Proportion (%) of metabolically healthy^a persons by body mass index and survey, National Health Interview and Examination Surveys for Adults in Germany 1997–99 (GNHIES98) and 2008–11 (DEGS1) stratified by age group.

<p>Proportion (%) of metabolically healthy<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0167159#t004fn002" target="_blank">^a</a> persons by body mass index and survey, National Health Interview and Examination Surveys for Adults in Germany 1997–99 (GNHIES98) and 2008–11 (DEGS1) stratified by age group.</p

Characteristics of the study population by survey, National Health Interview and Examination Surveys for Adults in Germany 1997–99 (GNHIES98) and 2008–11 (DEGS1).

<p>Characteristics of the study population by survey, National Health Interview and Examination Surveys for Adults in Germany 1997–99 (GNHIES98) and 2008–11 (DEGS1).</p

Definition of metabolic health.

<p>Definition of metabolic health.</p

Proportion (%) of metabolically healthy persons by body size categories and survey, National Health Interview and Examination Surveys for Adults in Germany 1997–99 (GNHIES98) and 2008–11 (DEGS1).

<p>Proportion (%) of metabolically healthy persons by body size categories and survey, National Health Interview and Examination Surveys for Adults in Germany 1997–99 (GNHIES98) and 2008–11 (DEGS1).</p

Asthma management practices in adults – findings from the German Health Update (GEDA) 2010 and the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey (DEGS1) 2008–2011

<p><i>Objectives</i>: In Germany, population-wide data on adherence to national asthma management guidelines are lacking, and performance measures (PM) for quality assurance in asthma care are systematically monitored for patients with German national asthma disease management program (DMP) enrollment only. We used national health survey data to assess variation in asthma care PM with respect to patient characteristics and care context, including DMP enrollment. <i>Methods</i>: Among adults 18–79 years with self-reported physician-diagnosed asthma in the past 12 months identified from a recent German National Health Interview Survey (GEDA 2010: <i>N</i> = 1096) and the German National Health interview and Examination Survey 2008–2011 (DEGS1: <i>N</i> = 333), variation in asthma care PM was analyzed using logistic regression analysis. <i>Results</i>: Overall, 38.4% (95% confidence interval: 32.5–44.6%) of adults with asthma were on current inhaled corticosteroid therapy. Regarding non-drug asthma management, low coverage was observed for inhaler technique monitoring (35.2%; 31.2–39.3%) and for provision of an asthma management plan (27.3%; 24.2–30.7%), particularly among those with low education. Specific PM were more complete among persons with than without asthma DMP enrollment (adjusted odds ratios ranging up to 10.19; 5.23–19.86), even if asthma patients were regularly followed in a different care context. <i>Conclusions</i>: Guideline adherence appears to be suboptimal, particularly with respect to PM related to patient counseling. Barriers to the translation of recommendations into practice need to be identified and continuous monitoring of asthma care PM at the population level needs to be established.</p

Gene regulation, quantitative genetics and the evolution of reaction norms.

A discussion of plasticity genes and the genetic architecture of gene-environment interactions

Distribution of individual level and area level characteristics in the pooled GEDA sample (2009 and 2010).

a<p>Crude 12-month prevalence of type 2 diabetes; ^b crude prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m²).</p

Associations between obesity, area level deprivation and individual level variables for women (n = 19,288).

<p>*: Reference group; OR (odds ratios); 95% CI (95% confidence intervals); bold type = significant.</p><p>V_A (area level variance); SE (standard error); MOR (median odds ratio).</p><p><b>Model 0</b>: crude OR (95% CI), unadjusted odds ratios with their 95% confidence intervals</p><p><b>Model 1</b>: area level deprivation, adjusted for age</p><p><b>Model 2</b>: additionally adjusted for educational level, lifestyle covariates and partner</p