3 research outputs found
Association between ethnicity and migration status with the prevalence of single and multiple long-term conditions in UK healthcare workers
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The Use of Synchrotron X-rays To Observe Copper Corrosion in Real Time
We have developed and tested two complementary methods
for making
time-lapse synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements of the
growth of synthetic corrosion layers using a protocol for producing
copper(I) chloride (nantokite), on copper as a test. In the first
method, a copper coupon was spin-coated with saturated copper(II)
chloride solution in air while the surface was characterized in real
time using XRD with a fast one-dimensional (1-D) detector. In the
second, a droplet of the same reagent was suspended from an X-ray-transparent
window in a hermetically sealed cell and the coupon was brought into
contact with this while XRD diffractograms were acquired with a charge-coupled
device (CCD) camera. The protocol is completed by a deionized water
rinse, which was also studied. The XRD shows nantokite precipitation
in solution as well as growth on the surface, but the end products
were variable proportions of nantokite, cuprite (Cu<sub>2</sub>O),
and paratacamite (Cu<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>Cl). The latter two
were observed forming in a reaction between the nantokite and the
rinsing water. Comparisons between samples analyzed in the synchrotron
and at lower power densities show that the effects of any radiolysis
or slight heating of the sample are insignificant in this case. It
would be simple to extend these methods to other corrosion or surface
reaction systems
High-Content Microfluidic Screening Platform Used To Identify σ2R/Tmem97 Binding Ligands that Reduce Age-Dependent Neurodegeneration in <i>C. elegans</i> SC_APP Model
The nematode <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>, with tractable
genetics and a well-defined nervous system, provides a unique whole-animal
model system to identify novel drug targets and therapies for neurodegenerative
diseases. Large-scale drug or target screens in models that recapitulate
the subtle age- and cell-specific aspects of neurodegenerative diseases
are limited by a technological requirement for high-throughput analysis
of neuronal morphology. Recently, we developed a single-copy model
of amyloid precursor protein (SC_APP) induced neurodegeneration that
exhibits progressive degeneration of select cholinergic neurons. Our
previous work with this model suggests that small molecule ligands
of the sigma 2 receptor (σ2R), which was recently cloned and
identified as transmembrane protein 97 (TMEM97), are neuroprotective.
To determine structure–activity relationships for unexplored
chemical space in our σ2R/Tmem97 ligand collection, we developed
an in vivo high-content screening (HCS) assay to identify potential
drug leads. The HCS assay uses our recently developed large-scale
microfluidic immobilization chip and automated imaging platform. We
discovered norbenzomorphans that reduced neurodegeneration in our <i>C. elegans</i> model, including two compounds that demonstrated
significant neuroprotective activity at multiple doses. These findings
provide further evidence that σ2R/Tmem97-binding norbenzomorphans
may represent a new drug class for treating neurodegenerative diseases