A Close Companion Search Around L Dwarfs Using Aperture Masking Interferometry and Palomar Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics

We present a close companion search around 16 known early L dwarfs using aperture masking interferometry with Palomar laser guide star adaptive optics (LGS AO). The use of aperture masking allows the detection of close binaries, corresponding to projected physical separations of 0.6-10.0 AU for the targets of our survey. This survey achieved median contrast limits of ΔK ~ 2.3 for separations between 1.2λ/D-4λ/D and ΔK ~ 1.4 at 2/3λ/D. We present four candidate binaries detected with moderate-to-high confidence (90%-98%). Two have projected physical separations less than 1.5 AU. This may indicate that tight-separation binaries contribute more significantly to the binary fraction than currently assumed, consistent with spectroscopic and photometric overluminosity studies. Ten targets of this survey have previously been observed with the Hubble Space Telescope as part of companion searches. We use the increased resolution of aperture masking to search for close or dim companions that would be obscured by full aperture imaging, finding two candidate binaries. This survey is the first application of aperture masking with LGS AO at Palomar. Several new techniques for the analysis of aperture masking data in the low signal-to-noise regime are explored

Facilitizing the Palomar AO laser guide star system

We describe the work that has gone into taking the sodium Laser Guide Star (LGS) program on the Palomar AO system from a successful experiment to a facility instrument. In particular, we describe the operation of the system, the BTO (beam transfer optics) system which controls the path of the laser in the dome, the aircraft safety systems and the optical systems which allow us to take advantage of the unique properties of the macro/micro pulse laser. In addition we present on sky performance results that demonstrate K-band Strehl ratios of up to 48

Facilitizing the Palomar AO laser guide star system

We describe the work that has gone into taking the sodium Laser Guide Star (LGS) program on the Palomar AO system from a successful experiment to a facility instrument. In particular, we describe the operation of the system, the BTO (beam transfer optics) system which controls the path of the laser in the dome, the aircraft safety systems and the optical systems which allow us to take advantage of the unique properties of the macro/micro pulse laser. In addition we present on sky performance results that demonstrate K-band Strehl ratios of up to 48

Outcome-focused Management in New Zealand

This paper discusses the uses of outcomes in public sector management in New Zealand. It begins by describing the overall public management system within which government departments operate, and how outcomes are used within this system. It then outlines some work that is underway to improve the focus on outcomes, and the way that outcomes are used within the system. The remainder of the paper is a series of case studies of innovative uses of outcomes in the New Zealand state sector.

Out-of-Hospital emergency airway management practices: A nationwide observational study from Aotearoa New Zealand

Background and Objectives: Airway management is crucial for emergency care in critically ill patients outside the hospital setting. An Airway Registry is useful in providing essential information for quality improvement purposes. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an out-of-hospital airway registry and describe airway management practices in Aotearoa New Zealand (AoNZ). Methods: Data from the Aotearoa New Zealand Paramedic Care Collection (ANZPaCC) database were used in a retrospective cohort study covering July 2020 to June 2021. All patients receiving airway interventions were included. An airway intervention was defined as one or more of the following: non-drug assisted endotracheal intubation (NDA-ETI), drug-assisted endotracheal intubation (DA-ETI; where a combination of paralytic agent and sedative were used to aid in intubation), laryngeal mask airway (LMA), oropharyngeal airway (OPA), nasopharyngeal airway (NPA), surgical airway (cricothyroidotomy), suction, jaw thrust. Descriptive statistics were analysed using Chi-Square and logistic regression modelling investigated the relationship between advanced airway success and patient characteristics. Results: The study included 4,529 patients who underwent 7,779 airway interventions. Basic airway interventions were used most frequently: OPA (45.1%), NPA (29.3%), LMA (28.9%), suction (19.9%) and jaw thrust (17.6%). Advanced airway interventions were used less frequently: NDA-ETI (19.8%), DA-ETI (8.7%), and surgical airways (0.2%). The success rate for ETI (including both NDA-ETI and DA-ETI) was 89.4%, with NDA-ETI success at 85.8% and DA-ETI success at 97.7%. ETI first-pass success rates were significantly lower for males (aOR 0.65, 95%CI 0.48–0.87, p < 0.001) and higher for non-cardiac arrest injury patients (aOR 2.94, 95%CI 1.43–6.00, p < 0.001). In this cohort receiving airway interventions the 1-day mortality rate was 41.1%, demonstrating that a high proportion of these patients were severely clinically compromised. Conclusions: Out-of-hospital airway management practices and success rates in AoNZ are comparable to those elsewhere. This research has determined the variables to be used as the AoNZ Paramedic Airway Registry ongoing and has demonstrated baseline outcomes in airway management for ongoing quality improvement using this registry