Metadata: Piecing Together a Privacy Solution

Imagine the government is constantly monitoring you — keeping track of every person you call or email, every place you go, everything you buy, and more — all without getting a warrant. And when you challenge them, they claim you have no right to expect this kind of information to be private. Besides, they’re not actually listening to what you say or reading what you write, so what’s the big deal anyhow? Unfortunately, this scenario is more real than imaginary. Government agencies ranging from the NSA to local police departments have taken advantage of weak or uncertain legal protections for “metadata” — descriptive information about our phone calls, emails, location, purchases, and more — to sweep up vast amounts of information about innocent Americans without a warrant. Limited privacy protections for metadata may have made sense decades ago when technology to collect and analyze data was virtually nonexistent. But in today’s “big data” world, non-content does not mean non-sensitive. In fact, new technology is demonstrating just how sensitive metadata can be: how friend lists can reveal a person’s sexual orientation, purchase histories can identify a pregnancy before any visible signs appear, and location information can expose individuals to harassment for unpopular political views or even theft and physical harm. Two separate committees assembled by the executive branch — the President’s Review Group on Intelligence and Communications Technology and the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board —have joined lawmakers, academics, and judges in calling for a reevaluation of the distinction between content and metadata. This paper examines how new technologies and outdated laws have combined to make metadata more important and more vulnerable than ever, and proposes a way forward to ensure that all of our sensitive information gets the privacy protection it deserves

Marketing Practices of Indiana Soybean Producers

Soybean marketing decisions play a critical role in maximizing farm income. The objective of the project described here was to identify market related educational needs and to provide benchmark information for producers. The assessment was conducted through a detailed direct-mail survey. The results of the survey demonstrate differences in market access among grower operation sizes and regions, and differences in forward pricing among grower operation sizes. Farmers with large operations generally have access to more markets and are more likely to manage price risk

Cloud Computing: Storm Warning for Privacy?

“Cloud computing” - the ability to create, store, and manipulate data through Web-based services - is growing in popularity. Cloud computing itself may not transform society; for most consumers, it is simply an appealing alternative tool for creating and storing the same records and documents that people have created for years. However, outdated laws and varying corporate practices mean that documents created and stored in the cloud may not have the same protections as the same documents stored in a filing cabinet or on a home computer. Can cloud computing services protect the privacy of their consumers? Do they? And what can we do to improve the situation? Cloud Computing: Storm Warning for Privacy? is the first in a series of issue papers by the ACLU of Northern California that discuss new technology trends and their consequences. This paper examines the current state of legal and technical privacy protections for consumers of cloud computing services and explores opportunities for consumers, businesses, and policymakers to work together to update and enhance these protections. Part I of this paper provides background information on cloud computing. Part II examines the privacy concerns that arise from the use of cloud computing services and Part III surveys the current state of privacy protections for consumers of these services. Finally, Part IV identifies opportunities for legal, technological, and social mechanisms to be reinforced so that Internet consumers are not forced to lose control of their information when they use cloud computing services

Applying Motivation Theories to the Design of Educational Technology

Although there has been a wealth of research exploring motivation within technological environments, few of these studies employ frameworks that are grounded in well-established theories of motivation. This paper brings rigorous theoretical frameworks of motivation to the study and design of educational technology. First, we outline key motivation constructs that compose Eccles and Wigfield’s Expectancy-Value theory and the Self-Determination theory and discuss their implications for education. Through a case study, we then illustrate how motivational theories informed the recent development of a virtual learning environment designed to promote students’ interest in and motivation to pursue science, technology, engineering, and mathematics careers. Finally, looking toward the future of mobile learning, we discuss the motivational affordances of personal and portable features of mobile handhelds

REPEATABILITY OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGE ON A SANDY BEACH ACROSS MULTIPLE TIMESCALES

The swash zone is a highly dynamic region of the nearshore in terms of both hydro- and sediment dynamics. Previous work has demonstrated that the majority of swash events transport only small amounts of sediment and net beachface volume change over several hours tends to be small. However, a small number of individual swash events can deposit or remove hundreds of kilograms of sediment per metre width of beach. These events are typically associated with swash flows that involve one or more highly turbulent swash-swash interactions, causing enhanced suspension and transport of sediment (Blenkinsopp et al. 2011). The timing and location of these interactions is complex and small changes in either can lead to very different local flow conditions. The complexity of these flows make sediment transport prediction on a swash-by-swash basis very challenging, and raises the question whether deterministic physical and numerical modelling of swash sediment transport is warranted. </jats:p

Performance of a dynamic cobble berm revetment for coastal protection, under increasing water level.

In a changing climate, sea level rise and projected regional-scale changes in storminess may increase the vulnerability of sandy coastlines to coastal erosion and flooding. As a result, there is increased interest in the development of adaptable, sustainable and effective coastal protection measures to protect these highly variable sandy coastlines. One such example is a dynamic cobble berm revetment; a "soft-engineering" solution (i.e., not fixed) consisting of a cobble berm constructed around the high tide wave runup limit, that has the potential to stabilise the upper beach, provide overtopping protection to the hinterland and translate with water level rise. However, there have been limited applications of dynamic cobble berm revetments to date, and there is a lack of understanding about the efficacy of this coastal protection to current and changing waves and water levels. This study details a prototype-scale experiment conducted to test the behaviour and performance of a dynamic cobble berm revetment as a form of coastal protection against erosive waves and water level increase. Results from the experiment showed that the revetment was "dynamically stable" under wave action as a consistent global shape was retained even though individual cobbles were mobilised under every swash event. Although the front slope and the crest responded to the incident wave condition, the net rate of change was always an order of magnitude lower than the gross rate of change. Tracking of individual cobbles using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology showed that stability of the revetment was likely maintained by rollover transport of cobbles onto the crest, as the revetment moved upward and landward under water level rise. The presence of the revetment reduced the vertical and horizontal runup as well as the retreat of the upper beach. The experimental results presented suggest that a dynamic cobble berm revetment could be a cheap, efficient and low environmental impact engineering solution for protecting sandy coastlines in a changing climate. Some preliminary design guidelines for coastal engineers are also drawn from this experiment

Prospectus, January 28, 1981

YES, HE\u27S FREE! ALL 52 ARE FREE.; America\u27s Super Bowl: Hostage Anger vs. Common Sense; Letter to the editor: Election chairperson speaks up; Learn to communicate with your children: PACT sponsors study; StuGo holds elections; Dental Hygienists have donut sale; Park District offers free skating, fishing, Students welcome to attend Black Student Association meetings; Chess Club meetings Friday; Are you victim of Poortalk; Did you know that...?; C.E. Workshop begins Feb. 5; PC offers new Contemporary German section; PC Women\u27s Program offers workshops; Fleming featured as Ice Capades hit C-U; Monday Morning with Women ; PC women sponsor series; Springsteen at Assembly Hall Feb. 7; Desolate, boring: not anymore Chambana; Ramblin\u27...; Fleming Tickner joined by stars of the future; Donate today!; Classifieds; Ernie Pyle: His courage exemplified American patriotism; LaBadie hopes for another good year; Scoreboard; Cobras push record to 15-1 with wins; Cobras trounce Danville 74-51; It\u27s 55 basketball!; Parkland College Indoor & Outdoor Track Schedule 1980-81; PC hangs on, beat Jaguars; Fast Freddy Contest; Cobras can\u27t win \u27em all; The Unity Pep Band to be featured Friday before Lake Land gamehttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1981/1030/thumbnail.jp

Prospectus, March 4, 1981

STAERKEL SPEAKS TO NEWS REPORTING CLASS: DECLINING ENROLLMENTS AFFECTING COLLEGES; Brown critical of court system.; Photo contest; Austin stimulates crowd; Letters to the Editor: Student responds to draft issue., Women disagree with Barnes, Student against draft, Ah-hah! Widloski makes mistake, But! Widloski believes she is right; Classifieds; Alender is ramblin: Appaloosa debuts first album; Merrick mesmerizes Assembly Hall Audience as the \u27Elephant Man\u27; Lems appears at Parkland March 10.; Ingrum, Baiot recieve scholarships from IHIA; WPCD Top 30; What are you doing for break?; Cobras rip Olney in Section; ROTC offers Financial Aid Program to students; Scoreboard; Parkland hosts NJCAA Region IV meet.; Cobras trounce Danville, advance to state; Quigley wins Fast Freddy contest; It\u27s do or die; Ingrum does it all for Cobras; Cobras upset by Lincoln Trail; Fast Freddy Contest; Games this weekhttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1981/1025/thumbnail.jp

Prospectus, March 26, 1981

PC GRADUATE TRANSFORMS A HOBBY INTO A FLOURISHING BUSINESS THAT HAS BECOME VERY SUCCESSFUL; Woman\u27s Place is always there; Letter to the Editor: Conley doesn\u27t see point; Handicapped Awareness Week next week; Profile Bingo begins April 5 at 3 p.m.; Classifieds; Attention; PATH Presents: The Other Side of the Mountain; WPCD airs \u27Community Health Interests\u27; The old relics: still nice to see; Conley catches up on music during break; Motorcycles are becoming popular \u27second cars\u27; Office careers contest April 25; Arobics may be the perfect thing for you; \u27X-Rays and You\u27 featured; Here come the tornadoes!; Campus Question: Do you think marijuana should be legalized?; \u27Don\u27t ruin your feet,\u27 says Reaoe: Get good running shoes; Learn what you meed to: go to the PC Career Center; Parents learn how to make games; Television Production offered next semester; Cobras look impressive already; Baseball team returns seven lettermen; Technology is everywhere: Even in the cameras; Women\u27s Softball Schedule And Roster; Women\u27s Roster; Park district has volleyball registration; Soccer! Soccer meeting todayhttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1981/1023/thumbnail.jp

Prospectus, April 8, 1981

GETTING GOOD REPUTATION AS A SPORTS STATION, SAYS TURPIN: TURPIN WANTS WDWS \u27A COMPLETE STATION\u27; Week in Review: World, Nation; Letter to the Editor: \u27BSA wrong\u27 says student; Business program offers three courses; Classifieds; Lynn Siler sings and tours in Europe; Astronomy Club\u27s \u27Future Is Now\u27; PC annual Health Fair today!; Gunki presents financial aid; Central Illinois \u27bar band\u27 makes it big: Tickets available: REO at the Assembly Hall April 21; Clampett\u27s characters are still the best!; PC student art exhibit open April 27-May 7; WPCD Top 30; \u27Caligula\u27 repelling yet still \u27intriguing\u27; Senn turns temporary business into lifetime success; Francisco says, Strong music force ; Dogs are good frisbee partners; Gedge at Parkland April 9; Photo contest winner: And the winner is...John Funk; PC sponsors one day nurses course April; What is DES? Many people don\u27t know; Students becoming more involved; Students meet over issues; Dunson named All-State, narrows choices to Drake and TCU; Split with ninth-ranked Triton: Hitting, clutch pitching have Cobras winning; Softball team opens with romp; Fast Freddy Contest; FF baseball beginshttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1981/1021/thumbnail.jp