Sonochemical Synthesis, Characterization, and Photocatalytic Performance Evaluation of Au/ZnO Nanocomposite for Methyl Orange Degradation

This study examines the impact of gold (Au) incorporation on zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. Both pure ZnO and Au/ZnO nanocomposite have been synthesized using a unique and environmentally friendly sonochemical approach. The as-synthesized Au/ZnO nanocomposite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopic techniques. Under UV-visible irradiation, the photocatalytic effectiveness of ZnO nanoparticles and Au/ZnO nanocomposites for the degradation of dye was examined. The results demonstrated that the nanocomposite has greater photocatalytic activity than ZnO nanoparticles. This is due to the effective electron transfer from ZnO to Au prolonging the lifetime of photogenerated holes, which play the most important role in the dye degradation process.&nbsp

Infection of human CD4+ rabbit cells with HIV-1 the possibility of the rabbit as a model for HIV-1 infection

Although human T cell surface glycoprotein CD4 is the cellular receptor for human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), the introduction of the human CD4 gene into murine cells does not render them susceptible to HIV-1 infection. Here we have established rabbit transfectant cell lines expressing human CD4 on the cell surface and demonstrated that the CD4+ rabbit transfectants could be readily infected by HIV-1 by co-cultivating with a HIV-1-infected human MOLT-4 T cell line (MOLT-4/HIV). Avid syncytia formation was observed upon co-cultivation and the syncytia abundantly produced HIV-1 mature particles, as revealed by electron microscopy. A significant increase of HIV-1 p24 antigen was also detected in the culture supernatant. The syncytia formation was blocked by pretreating the transfectant with anti-human CD4 or by pretreating the MOLT-4/HIV with anti-HIV-1 serum obtained from an infected individual, indicating that the syncytia formed as a result of the interaction of human CD4 on the rabbit transfectant with the HIV-1 envelope protein expressed on MOLT-4/HIV. In contrast, only a very small proportion of the rabbit transfectants expressed HIV-1-specific antigens upon infection with an HIV-1 stock. This may indicate that, although rabbit cells have partially acquired susceptibility to HIV-1 by transfection of human CD4 gene, rabbit cells may further require such a molecule as might be provided by MOLT-4 to become fully susceptible to HIV-1 infection. The possibility of the rabbit as a model for HIV-1 infection is also discusse

A 2-year-old male child with diffuse abdominal pain, mass in the abdomen and red currant jelly stool

This article has no abstract. The first 100 words appear below: A 2-year-old male child, the second issue of non-consanguineous parents, from average socio-economic status hailing from Dinajpur, Bangladesh was attended at Pediatric Surgery outpatient department with the complaints of vague diffuse abdominal pain in the lower right side of abdomen and around the umbilical region for last 3 days. His mother also reported the feeling of a solid mass in the abdomen during dressing of her child. Then, gradually his problems were increasing in nature with several times of nausea, vomiting, and the passage of blood mixed stool three times before his admission

Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BackgroundDisorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021.MethodsWe estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined.FindingsGlobally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer.InterpretationAs the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed

Distribution of phenotypic and genotypic ABO and rhesus blood groups among Bangladeshi population

The present study is a retrospective analysis of allelic frequency of ABO and Rhesus (D) blood groups of donors attending the Deaprtment of Transfusion Medicine of Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM), Dhaka. BIRDEM IS a 625 bed hospital, where patients and blood donors come from all parts of Bangladesh. A total of 1, 28,506 blood donors of both genders were included in the study over fourteen years from June 1995 to June 2009 for analysis. Blood group was determined by performing the both tube and slide method blood grouping method. The distribution of blood groups in our population was B>O>A>AB in Rh positive groups donors and O>B>A>AB among Rh negative donors. Blood group B was more common among the males (37.42%) while O was predominant among female donors (33.83 %). On the other hand, blood group O negative was predominant in both genders (36.88%). In this study, Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium law was used to calculate the allelic frequency for ABO/ Rh system. Homozygous allelic frequency for Rh negative population was only 0.0007. Although phenotypically B group was dominant and AB was rare in our population, but according to Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium law the estimatedallelic frequency of A (0.3694) and O (0.3040) showed higher frequency than B type (0.2300) in Bangladeshi population in both homozygous and heterozygous state. So, with increasing population of Bangladesh, this changing trend in estimated blood group in ABO system may play an important role in our genetic pattern. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2011; 5(2): 59-6

Green synthesis of novel green ceramic-based nanoparticles prepared by sol-gel technique for diverse industrial application

Excellent characteristics and a wide range of applications made nanotechnology a key focus for modern researchers. However, environment-friendly and cost-effective measures still need to be taken to synthesize nanoparticles. This research focused on synthesizing Green Ceramic-based Nanoparticles (GCNPs) using the sol-gel method. This method is environment-friendly and cost-effective. Different analytical techniques were employed to characterize the obtained GCNPs. Crystallographic parameters were obtained through the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Morphological analysis was performed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) analysis. The presence of different elements was identified by elemental analysis (EDX). Various functional groups present in the GCNPs were identified by Fourier Fourier-transformed infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. XPS and zeta potential analyses composition characterization and surface charge stability, respectively. Antibacterial strains against E. coli were performed. The FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of different organic compounds in the synthesized GCNPs which helped to increase bacterial inhibition in the antibacterial test. The FESEM images confirmed irregularity in the shape and aggregation of the synthesized GCNPs. The minimum average particle size was obtained from sample S2 which is 376.35 nm. EDX analysis confirmed the presence of silicon particles in the GCNPs. The crystalline nature of the GCNPs was assured by XRD analysis. The silicon percentages were higher than the other atoms shown by the XPS analysis. A significant amount of bacterial inhibition which was 18.0 mm obtained from sample S3. Finally, GCNPs were prepared, characterised, and significantly applied for diverse implementation for the safety of the healthcare field on a broad scale